Prevalence, characteristics, and impact of childhood sexual abuse in a southwestern American Indian tribe

Robin, Robert W.; Chester, Barbara; Rasmussen, Jolene K.; Jaranson, James M.; Goldman, David

doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(97)00038-0

Cited by 96 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…19,26,27 The main purpose of the present study was to test whether MAOA-LPR interacts with exposure to sexual abuse in a community sample of American Indian women with an extremely high rates of CSA. 4 CSA in this community should be seen as an index of a more complex matrix of adverse conditions from which the abused women suffered and as part of broader familial and social dysfunction. 4 Consistent with previous findings derived from male samples, [17][18][19][20] our results support the involvement of MAOA gene in moderating individual sensitivity to childhood trauma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants were older than 21 years and eligible for tribal enrollment, having at least one-quarter tribal heritage. 4 Psychiatric assessment Psychiatric diagnoses were made according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-III-R criteria using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime version (SADS-L) by following operationally defined criteria and using the instructions of Spitzer et al 32,33 ASPD was diagnosed according to DSM-III-R. Validity of standard criteria for psychiatric diagnosis can be problematic within special cultural groups. Therefore, provisions were taken to limit diagnostic errors due to culture-specific phenomena.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 By comparison, prevalences of AD and ASPD among US epidemiological samples of woman were 0.08 and 0.02, respectively. 16 In this relatively isolated American Indian community, 4 approximately half of women were exposed to sexual abuse during childhood/early adolescence and CSA was found to predict both the development of alcoholism (odds ratio (OR): 2.1) and ASPD (OR: 2.9). 4 In other words, despite the high prevalences of Alcoholism and ASPD and community-pervasive risk exposures, CSA still emerged as a major risk factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 In this relatively isolated American Indian community, 4 approximately half of women were exposed to sexual abuse during childhood/early adolescence and CSA was found to predict both the development of alcoholism (odds ratio (OR): 2.1) and ASPD (OR: 2.9). 4 In other words, despite the high prevalences of Alcoholism and ASPD and community-pervasive risk exposures, CSA still emerged as a major risk factor. However, while CSA has profound enduring effects into adulthood, not all abused children develop psychosocial problems later in life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women exposed to CSA have an increased risk for different psychopathologies in adulthood including addictions to alcohol and other drugs; [2][3][4][5][6] antisocial personality disorder (ASPD); 4,5 major depression, 7-9 suicidal behavior; 4,8,10,11 post-traumatic stress disorder 4,12,13 and eating disorders. 6 The impact of CSA on adult mental health is only one of the complex set of intercorrelated social, economic and familial disadvantages and as such the presence of CSA is an indicator of a wider and larger dysfunction within families.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction between a functional MAOA locus and childhood sexual abuse predicts alcoholism and antisocial personality disorder in adult women

et al. 2007

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Women who have experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA) have an increased risk of alcoholism and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Among male subjects, a functional polymorphism (MAOA-LPR, monoamine oxidase A linked polymorphic region) in the promoter region of the monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) appears to moderate the effect of childhood maltreatment on antisocial behavior. Our aim was to test whether MAOA-LPR influences the impact of CSA on alcoholism and ASPD in a sample of 291 women, 50% of whom have experienced CSA; we also tested whether haplotypes covering the region where both MAOA and monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) genes are located predict risk of alcoholism and ASPD better than the MAOA-LPR locus alone. Participants included 168 alcoholics (39 with ASPD (antisocial alcoholics) and 123 controls (no alcoholics, no ASPD). Antisocial behavior was also modeled as a continuous trait: ASPD symptoms count. The MAOA-LPR low activity allele was associated with alcoholism (P = 0.005), particularly antisocial alcoholism (P = 0.00009), only among sexually abused subjects. Sexually abused women who were homozygous for the low activity allele had higher rates of alcoholism and ASPD, and more ASPD symptoms, than abused women homozygous for the high activity allele. Heterozygous women displayed an intermediate risk pattern. In contrast, there was no relationship between alcoholism/antisocial behavior and MAOA-LPR genotype among non-abused women. The MAOA-LPR low activity allele was found on three different haplotypes. The most abundant MAOA haplotype containing the MAOA-LPR low activity allele was found in excess among alcoholics (P = 0.008) and antisocial alcoholics (P = 0.001). Finally, a MAOB haplotype, which we termed haplotype C, was significantly associated with alcoholism (P = 0.006), and to a lesser extent with antisocial alcoholism (P = 0.03). In conclusions, MAOA seems to moderate the impact of childhood trauma on adult psychopathology in female subjects in the same way as previously shown among male subjects. The MAOA-LPR low activity allele appears to confer increased vulnerability to the adverse psychosocial consequences of CSA. Haplotype-based analysis of the MAOA gene appeared to strengthen the association, as compared to the MAOA-LPR locus alone. A MAOB haplotype was associated with alcoholism independently from ASPD.

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