Prevalence, causes, magnitude and risk factors of visual impairment and blindness in Sri Lanka

Abstract

Introduction There is paucity of data on the epidemiology of visual impairment in Sri Lanka.Objectives Estimate the prevalence and determine causes and risk factors of visual impairment among adults aged 40 years in Sri Lanka.Methods Multistage, stratified, cluster random sampling was used to select a nationally representative sample aged 40 years. All participants underwent vision testing, autorefraction and a basic eye examination. Participants with a presenting acuity of <6/12 in either eye underwent detailed eye examination, assessment of bestcorrected acuity if required, and a cause of visual loss assigned.Results 5,779 of those enumerated (6,713) were examined (response rate 86.1%). The prevalence of blindness was 1.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-1.99%) and low vision was 17% (95% CI: 16.0-18.0%). Cataract (66.7%) and uncorrected refractive errors (12.5%) were the commonest causes of blindness. Uncorrected refractive errors (62.4%) and cataract (24.2%) were the commonest causes of low vision. Blindness was significantly higher in older age groups (OR 132.4: 95%

Capacity building for universal eye health coverage in South East Asia beyond 2020

“…This shows that the prevalence of both blindness and MSVI has decreased over the decades in the region, but still higher than the world average. Recent studies show the distribution of age and sex standardized blindness and VI by major ophthalmic disorders in the WHO SEA region (Table 3) [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] By far, cataract was the commonest cause of blindness and SVI, and uncorrected refractive error was the commonest cause of EVI and MSVI. Only Myanmar and Nepal reported prevalence of trachoma; it is still a blinding disorder in Myanmar and Nepal is currently free of trachoma [27].…”

“…The concept of IPCEC is derived from WHO's integrated peoplecentered health services (IPCHS) 2016-2026 (World Health Assembly, WHA 69. 24) [2]. The WRV adopted four of the five suggested strategies of IPCHS which are: (1) empowering and engaging people and communities; (2) reorienting the model of care; (3) coordinating services within and across sectors; and (4) creating an enabling environment.…”