Prevalence, Barriers, and Interventions related to Medication Adherence Among Patients Diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Background: Adherence to psychotropic medication is still a concern to health care systems, mental healthcare professionals, researchers, and patients, as well. Recent literature on medication adherence increased focusing on the pervasiveness and significant impacts of adherence to medications. Purpose: The purpose of this scoping review is to identify the prevalence, contributing factors, methods of measurement, and interventions related to medication adherence among patients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorders (MDD). Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline was used. The scoping review involves the review, analysis, and synthesis of a broad scope of literature. Results: A total of 36 articles met the inclusion criteria for this scoping review. The prevalence of medication adherence among patients diagnosed with MDD ranged from 10.6% to 85.4%. About 67% of studies used self-reports as methods of data collection. Illness-related factors (e.g., the onset of the illness, duration of illness, symptoms, and illness severity), medication-related factors (e.g., adverse reactions, duration of treatment, cost of treatment), and patientrelated factors (e.g., beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, self-stigma) were the most reported factors to associate with medications adherence. Also, the multi-faceted intervention has been recommended over a single-element intervention to enhance medication adherence. Conclusion: There is a need to select and integrate good assessment measures of medication adherence, which lead to providing better evidence on the outcomes, risk factors, and interventions to improve medication adherence.is also a significant recommendation for good practice. 40,41 Expanding a better understanding of medication adherence prevalence, factors affect medication adherence, methods to measure medication adherence, and medication adherence interventions are of key importance to stakeholders, patients, healthcare providers, and policymakers. So, the purpose of this scoping review to highlight medication adherence prevalence, the factors affect medication adherence, methods measure medication adherence, and medication adherence interventions among patients diagnosed with MDD. Research QuestionsThe questions guided this review are:1-What is the prevalence of medication adherence among patients diagnosed with MDD? 2-What are the most common methods used to assess medication adherence among patients diagnosed with MDD?3-What are the factors that affect medication adherence among patients diagnosed with MDD? 4-What are interventions that have been implemented to enhance medication adherence among patients diagnosed with MDD? Method Protocol and RegistrationThe protocol of this scoping review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. 42 The protocol of this study has been registered prospectively with the Open Science Framework on...

Mental Health Training Programs for Community Pharmacists in Low Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review

“…Unfortunately, many studies have consistently found that pharmacists are less interactive and less comfortable providing pharmaceutical care services and medication instructions to mentally ill patients than to patients with the majority of other classically "somatic" illnesses [6][7][8][9][10][11] . Furthermore, medications are a major treatment modality for mental illnesses, and professional pharmacist services, such as counseling and medication reviews, can improve medication adherence and resolve psychotropic medicationrelated problems [12][13][14] .As consequence, pharmacists are an important target for the intervention to reduce mental health stigma.…”