Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and their determinants: Results from the first cohort of non-communicable diseases in a Kurdish settlement

Abstract

Hypertension is a public health issue in iran. the study aimed to estimate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, and to explore their determinants among 10,040 Kurdish adults from Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study in Iran. Univariate, and multivariate analyses were used for statistical analysis. Prevalence of hypertension was 15.7%. Among hypertensive patients, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were 80.7%, 73.2%, and 53.3%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, significant associations were found between awareness and female sex, older age, being married rather than being single, literacy, living in rural areas, having family history, and comorbidities, with a higher probability for those who had both diabetes and dyslipidemia. Being married, living in rural areas, being ex-smokers, having less physical activity and individuals who had diabetes and dyslipidemia had higher odds of receiving treatment. Being female had a statistically significant association with the control of hypertension. The Kurdish population had higher awareness, with a greater proportion of treated, and controlled patients compared to populations included in previous studies for the last 20 years in Iran. With the continuing health promotion programs in iran, it is expected to observe a lower prevalence of hypertension, higher awareness and greater number of treated individuals with controlled hypertension. Hypertension is one of the most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) 1. Hypertension and its complications are responsible for approximately 9.4 million deaths worldwide every year 2. It is estimated that the the number of hypertensive patients will raise to 1.56 billion worldwide by 2025 3. According to the report from the global burden of disease, systolic blood pressure (SBP) of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg is responsible for more than half of the global Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in countries such as India and Indonesia 4. World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24.1% for males and 23.3% for females aged ≥18 years globally in 2014 5. However, almost all hypertension-related complications are preventable. Lifestyle modification helps decrease blood pressure and prevents hypertension, and antihypertensive medication can effectively reduce the cardiovascular events attributed to hypertension 6. Adherence to medication and improving lifestyle in people with hypertension are known to decrease hospitalization, the cost associated with outpatient care, and cardiovascular

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