Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in China

Wu, Yangfeng; Huxley, Rachel R.; Li, Liming; Anna, Vibeke; Xie, Gaoqiang; Yao, Chonghua; Woodward, Mark; Li, Xian; Chalmers, John; Gao, Runlin; Kong, Lingzhi; Yang, Xiaoguang

doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.788166

Cited by 484 publications

(417 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Similar to other studies, 21,24,26 our results demonstrated that hypertension was more prevalent among women than men and increased with age for both genders, though the increase was more pronounced among women than men. Hormonal factors, postmenopausal weight gain, and a different risk profile might account for the higher age-specific prevalence rates of hypertension among women compared with men.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This rate exceeds that reported in other developing countries in the region (for example, Egypt (26.3%), Cameroon (15%), Ghana (29.4%)), [21][22][23] as well as that reported in developed countries in Asia (for example, China (20%), Pakistan (20.7%), Saudi Arabia (26.1%), Malaysia (27.8%)). [24][25][26][27] The rate remains lower than that in the developed countries of Europe (for example, Italy (38%), United Kingdom (42%), Spain (47%), Romania (44.9%), Germany (55%)) and the United States (56%)). 28,29 Our findings further substantiate the results of sustained and integrated economical, social and health development in Tunisia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…27,29 Subgroup analyses demonstrated that women were more aware of their hypertensive status than men, a finding that was consistent in surveys in other countries. 24,27 This finding is probably related to the better access of women to the health care centers. Women generally frequent health care facilities at a higher rate than do men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Hypertension among Tunisian adults: results of the TAHINA project

et al. 2011

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We performed a national survey to determine the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, one of the main cardiovascular risk factors, among the adult population in Tunisia. A total of 8007 adults aged 35-70 years were included in the study. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken by physicians with a mercury sphygmomanometer, and standard interviewing procedures were used to record medical history, socio-demographic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP X140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP X90 mm Hg or current treatment with antihypertensive drugs. The prevalence of hypertension was 30.6%, higher in women (33.5%) than in men (27.3%). Multiple logistic regression analyses identified a higher age, urban area, higher body mass index, type 2 diabetes and family history of CVD as important correlates to the prevalence of hypertension. Only 38.8% of those with hypertension were aware of their diagnosis, of which 84.8% were receiving treatment. BP control was achieved in only 24.1% of treated hypertensive persons. Women were more aware than men (44.8 vs. 28.8%), but the rates of treatment and control of hypertension did not differ between the two genders. Higher age, being female, lower education level and urban area emerged as important correlates of hypertension awareness. The study highlights the hypertension problem in a middle-income developing country. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive integrated population-based intervention program to ameliorate the growing problem of hypertension in Tunisians.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Hypertension among Tunisian adults: results of the TAHINA project

et al. 2011

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“…Data from the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey showed that 14?7 % of Chinese were overweight and another 2?6 % were obese, which translates into 184 million overweight and 31 million obese people in China (2) . The epidemic of obesity and overweight has become a public health issue and is an important health risk for diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis and others (3) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns are associated with weight gain in newlyweds: findings from a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

Zhang

Tan

Xuan

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The present study aimed to characterize the dietary patterns of newlyweds married within one year and to examine the factors associated with weight changes. Design: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2009. Setting: Baoshan District, Shanghai, China. Subjects: A total of 342 pairs of newlyweds were recruited at their first visit. Weight and height were measured and food intake was measured based on an FFQ with forty-nine items. Dietary patterns were identified through factor analysis, and the factors associated with weight changes were determined by multiple regression models. Results: Average weight gain of the participants during marital transition was 1?9 kg (2?2 kg for men and 1?6 kg for women). Four major dietary patterns were identified: vegetable pattern, sweets and fats pattern, legume pattern and poultry, beef and mutton pattern. In multivariate analyses, the highest quintile of factor 2 (sweets and fats pattern) was significantly associated with weight gain after marriage in a comparison with the lowest quintile (b 5 2?94; 95 % CI 0?75, 5?15; P 5 0?01) in men. The highest quintile of factor 4 (poultry, beef and mutton pattern) was inversely associated with weight gain after marriage in a comparison with the lowest quintile (b 5 21?21; 95 % CI 22?32, 20?11; P 5 0?03). Conclusions: Our results suggest that a pattern rich in sugar, oil and condiments may lead to greater marital weight gain in men; another pattern rich in poultry, beef and mutton may lead to less marital weight gain in both men and women.

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“…Data from 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey show that 21.8% of Chinese are overweight (body mass index (BMI) X25 kg/m 2 ) and 18.8% of Chinese are hypertensive, such that there are currently (2002) 195 million overweight people and 160 million hypertensive people in China out of a total of 1.3 billion population (Wu, 2006;Wu et al, 2008). Hypertension and overweight are both growing epidemics with the rapid socioeconomic development in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between body mass index and incident hypertension in rural women in China

et al. 2010

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Background/Objectives: To evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and incident hypertension in a cohort of rural women in the Chinese population. Subjects/Methods: A population-based sample of 11 468 rural Chinese women aged X35 years and free from hypertension at baseline were followed-up from 2004-2006 to 2008. We calculated BMI from measured weight and height. Incident hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) X140 mm Hg, diastolic BPX90 mm Hg or current use of antihypertensive medications. Results: During a median follow-up of 28 months, 2666 participants developed hypertension. Higher baseline BMI, even within the 'normal' range, was consistently associated with an increased risk of hypertension. Compared with participants in the lowest BMI quintile (18.5-21.1 kg/m 2 ), the multivariable-adjusted relative risks (95% confidence interval) of developing hypertension for women with a BMI of 21.2 to 22.4, 22.5 to 23.7, 23.8 to 25.4 and X25.4 kg/m 2 were 1.200 (1.058-1.361), 1.250 (1.100-1.419), 1.466 (1.291-1.666) and 1.785 (1.584-2.012), respectively (P for trend, o0.001). Further adjustment for baseline BP did not substantially alter these results. We found similar associations using other BMI categories and after excluding women with smoking history at baseline. The pattern of association also existed among old women (age X55 years). Conclusions:In this large cohort, we found a strong gradient association between higher BMI and increased risk of hypertension, even among older women within the normal BMI range. Clinicians should emphasize the importance of weight management for the primary prevention of hypertension in rural women in the Chinese population.

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Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in China

Cited by 484 publications

References 29 publications

Hypertension among Tunisian adults: results of the TAHINA project

Hypertension among Tunisian adults: results of the TAHINA project

Dietary patterns are associated with weight gain in newlyweds: findings from a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

The association between body mass index and incident hypertension in rural women in China

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