Prevalence, Awareness and Control of Hypertension in Uganda

Musinguzi, Geofrey; Nuwaha, Fred

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062236

Cited by 124 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Lastly, a study of adults 65 years of age and older in rural and urban areas of Uganda found that 38.0% of adults were aware of their hypertension [18]. The prevalences of those who were aware of their hypertension and those with controlled hypertension were higher in this study when compared to other studies from sub-Saharan Africa.…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptcontrasting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most were carried out in adults and reported prevalence for the ≥65 age group [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Only one study in rural Tanzania was specifically conducted on the elderly and reported a prevalence of hypertension of 70% in people over 70 years of age [17].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We found only one study specifically conducted in elderly people over the age of 70, reporting a prevalence of 70% in rural Tanzania [17]. Other studies reported the prevalence of hypertension in people aged 65 and over [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], ranging from 34.5% in urban Kenya [15] to 88.0% in urban Senegal [13].The disparity in prevalence between the Republic of Congo (68.0%) and the Central African Republic (53.7%), two neighbouring countries, may be related, in part, to differences in socio-economic levels, however, an association between peripheral fat mass (as measured using WHR) as well as abdominal fat mass (as measured using TCT) and the prevalence of hypertension were both observed.Unexpectedly, this study observed that tobacco users, usually found as at higher risk of CVD [33], were less likely to be hypertensive. This result was also observed in one study conducted in adults in Turkey [34], but direct comparisons are difficult as settings are different.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in older people in Central Africa: the EPIDEMCA study

Pilleron

Aboyans

M’Belesso

et al. 2017

Journal of the American Society of Hypertension

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Hypertension represents a major global health burden. While older individuals of African descent are at higher risk of hypertension in western countries, epidemiological data on hypertension in older native Africans are scarce. We assessed the prevalence and the level of awareness and control of hypertension among older adults in Central Africa. A total of 1990 individuals 65 years of age and older from the Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic participated into a cross-sectional population-based survey. Hypertension was defined by self-reporting of on-going treatment and/or systolic (SBP)/diastolic (DBP) blood pressures at rest being ≥140 and/or 90 mmHg. Controlled hypertension was defined as treated hypertension with SBP <140 mmHg and DBP <90 mmHg. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 61.1%. Among hypertensive people, 46.7% were aware of their condition and 17.3% were treated. Among the latter 23.8% had their hypertension controlled.Correlates of hypertension were increasing age and body mass index, living in the Republic of Congo, occupation other than employee, no tobacco use, sedentary lifestyle and ≥ 3 meals a day. Our findings indicate a need for the implementation of public health policies to reduce hypertension in older Africans, and to prevent the subsequent burden of cardiovascular diseases.Keywords: Hypertension, epidemiology, elderly, Central Africa M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 3According to the United Nations, the number of persons 65 years of age and older is expected to more than double by 2035, from 608 million in 2015 to 1.2 billion in 2035 [1]. Almost a quarter (23%) of the total global burden of disease is attributable to disorders in people aged 60 years of age and older, among whom cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading contributors to the burden of disease.Among CVDs, hypertension is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity [2]. one of the global non-communicable disease targets of the World Health Organization is to lower the prevalence of raised blood pressure by 25% by 2025 [4]. However, a global increase in the prevalence of hypertension in low-income countries is now being observed, notably in Sub-Saharan Africa [3].In the United States, the prevalence of hypertension is more than 60% among older people and is higher in older African-Americans when compared to non-Hispanic whites [5]. Ethnic differences cannot be explained solely in terms of socio-economic status [5], suggesting the involvement of other factors. It is therefore important to know more about the epidemiology of hypertension in older native Africans.Several community-based epidemiological studies on hypertension were conducted in Africa [6].Most were carried out in adults and reported prevalence for the ≥65 age group [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Only one study in rural Tanzania was specifically conducted on the elderly and reported a prevalence of hypertension of 70% in people over 70 years of age [17]. To our knowledge, no data from ...

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Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptcontrasting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in older people in Central Africa: the EPIDEMCA study

Pilleron

Aboyans

M’Belesso

et al. 2017

Journal of the American Society of Hypertension

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“…7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] We undertook this study to identify the determinants of raised blood pressure in an exclusively urban population in Kampala, the capital of Uganda.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Hypertension in Urban Uganda: A Community-Based Case-Control Study

et al. 2017

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Objective: Rapid urbanization is changing the epidemiology of non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to identify the determinants of raised blood pressure in urban Uganda to highlight targets for preventive interventions.Design: Case-control.Setting: Three community-based sites in Kampala, the capital of Uganda.Participants: Participants were eligible to enroll if they were aged ≥18 years and not pregnant.Methods: 450 cases with raised blood pressure were frequency matched by sex and age to 412 controls. Unconditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of socio-demographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and laboratory variables with the outcome of raised blood pressure. Cases currently treated with antihypertensive medication and cases not treated with antihypertensive medication were analyzed separately.Results: Significantly increased odds of raised blood pressure were associated with overweight body mass index (BMI) (25 kg/m 2 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m 2 ), obese BMI (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) and hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5%. Significantly decreased odds of raised blood pressure were associated with moderate-to-vigorous work-related physical activity of >4 hours/week. No significant associations were found between raised blood pressure and marital status, education level, car or flush toilet ownership, dietary habits, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, moderate-to-vigorous leisure-related physical activity > 4 hours/week, waist-tohip ratio, or total cholesterol levels. Conclusions:Targeted interventions are needed to address the key modifiable risk factors for raised blood pressure identified in this study, namely elevated BMI and regular physical activity, in order to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in urban Uganda.

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