Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Resistance Gene Detection in Bacteria Isolated from Goldfish and Tiger Barb from Ornamental Fish Farms of Tamil Nadu

Hemamalini, Nallaiah; Shanmugam, S. A.; Kathirvelpandian, A.; Agarwal, Deepak; Kaliyamurthi, V; Suresh, E; Ezhilmathi, Selvaram

doi:10.1007/s12088-022-01023-y

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Notably, the prevalence of resistance to the fourth-generation cephalosporin cefepime was significantly higher than that to the third-generation cephalosporins, including ceftiofur and ceftriaxone. Higher prevalence of resistance to newer generations of antibiotics suggests the ongoing need for continued surveillance and monitoring programs for antimicrobial use in the aquaculture sector and antimicrobial resistance of aquatic food isolates, in addition to the development of new medicines that can mitigate the drug resistance of existing antibiotics [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey of Colistin Resistance in Commensal Bacteria from Penaeus vannamei Farms in China

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2023

Foods

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Aquatic environments are important reservoirs for drug resistance. Aquatic foods may act as carriers to lead antibiotic-resistant commensal bacteria into the human gastrointestinal system, then contacting gut microbiota and spreading antibiotic resistance. Here, several shrimp farms were investigated to identify colistin resistance among commensal bacteria of aquaculture. A total of 884 (41.6%) colistin-resistant isolates were identified among 2126 strains. Electroporation demonstrated that colistin-resistant fragments were present in some commensal bacteria that could be transferred to other bacteria. Most of the resistant bacteria were Bacillus spp., with 69.3% of the Bacillus species exhibiting multiple drug resistance. Bacillus licheniformis was prevalent, with 58 strains identified that comprised six sequence types (ST) based on multilocus sequence typing. Whole-genome sequencing and comparisons with previous B. licheniformis genomes revealed a high degree of genomic similarity among isolates from different regions. Thus, this species is widely distributed, and this study provides new insights into global antibiotic-resistant characteristics of B. licheniformis. Sequence analyses further revealed some of these strains are even pathogenic and virulent, suggesting the antibiotic resistance and hazards of commensal bacteria in aquaculture should be considered. Considering the “One Health” perspective, improved monitoring of aquatic food is needed to prevent the spread of drug-resistant commensal bacteria from food-associated bacteria to humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MDR value is typically equal to or less than 0.2 when antibiotics are used infrequently or at low doses to treat animals. Contrarily, using antibiotics more frequently or at a higher risk of exposure will result in an MDR index score that is greater than 0.2 [20].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Colistin Resistance in Commensal Bacteria from Penaeus vannamei Farms in China

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2023

Foods

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“…One of the major constraints in the aquaculture sector is disease occurrence (Hemamalini et al 2021). Most of the diseases in the aquaculture sector are caused by bacteria (Hemamalini et al 2022a). Bacterial disease outbreak causes less pro tability in the aquaculture facility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence, antimicrobial resistance and distribution of class 1 and class 2 integron gene cassette arrays in bacteria isolated from ornamental fishes cultured in three districts of Tamil Nadu

Hemamalini,

Shanmugam,

Kathirvelpandian

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging problem in the aquaculture sector. Further, it connects livestock and human health through possible horizontal gene transfer. In the present study, 258 bacterial isolates were recovered from ornamental fish samples collected from fish farms in Chennai, Madurai and Tiruvarur districts of Tamil Nadu. 16S rRNA sequencing of the isolates revealed the presence of 86 different bacterial strains in the infected fish samples. The highest diversity index was observed in the Goldfish sample (1.99) collected from Tiruvarur, followed by Flower horn (1.98) sample from Chennai. All the bacterial isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and sulphafurazole. The highest resistance was recorded against oxytetracycline, followed by bacitracin, tetracycline and ampicillin. Some of the bacterial isolates exhibited resistance against the new-generation antibiotic, cefepime. Resistance to new generation antibiotics indicates the need for surveillance and monitoring programs to control the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in aquaculture and develop new generation antibiotics. The highest MAR index was recorded in P. vulgaris(0.79) from Guppy (Tiruvarur). MAR index values, ≥ 0.20 exhibited by the bacterial strains isolated from different locations in Tamil Nadu indicate the abusive use of the antimicrobials. Class 1 and Class 2 integrons were detected in the genomic and plasmid DNA of 71 and 3 isolates, respectively. The findings of the present study indicate that ornamental fish may act as the reservoir of MAR bacteria and threaten the human and animal health through dissemination ARGs via horizontal gene transfer.

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Investigation of antibiotic resistance genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of marine aquaculture fish carried in the Dalian area of China

Gao

Piao

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Due to the long-term and irrational use of antibiotics for the prevention and control of bacterial diseases in aquaculture, antibiotic resistance genes have become a new source of pollution in aquatic products. Factors such as the spread of drug-resistant strains and the horizontal transfer of drug-resistant genes have led to multi-drug resistance in fish-infecting bacteria, which seriously affects the quality and safety of aquatic products. In this study, 50 samples of horse mackerel and puffer fish sold in Dalian aquatic products market and seafood supermarket were collected, and the phenotypic characteristics of the bacteria carried by the fish for drugs such as sulfonamides, amide alcohols, quinolones, aminoglycosides and tetracyclines were tested and analyzed, and the resistance genes carried by fish samples were detected by SYBG qPCR. Our statistical analyses demonstrated that the drug resistance phenotypes and genotypes of bacteria carried by mariculture horse mackerel and puffer fish in the Dalian area of China were complex, and the multi-drug resistance rate reached 80%. Among the examined antibiotics, the resistance rates to cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, kanamycin, and florfenicol exceeded 50%, whereas the resistance rates to gentamicin and tobramycin were 26 and 16%, respectively. The detection rate of the drug resistance genes tetA, sul1, sul2, qnrA, qnrS, and floR exceeded 70% and all samples carried more than three drug resistance genes. The correlation analysis of drug resistance genes and drug resistance phenotypes showed that the detection of the drug resistance genes sul1, sul2, floR, and qnrD was correlated with the detection of drug resistance phenotypes (p < 0.01). However, the correlation between the resistance genes cmlA, cfr, tetA, qnrA, qnrS, and aac(6′)-Ib-cr and the corresponding resistance phenotype was not significant (p > 0.05). In general, our findings indicated that the multi-drug resistance of bacteria carried by marine horse mackerel and puffer fish in the Dalian area was serious. From the perspective of drug resistance rate and drug resistance gene detection rate, the aminoglycosides gentamicin and tobramycin are still considered effective in controlling bacterial infection in marine fish in the study area. Collectively, our findings provide a scientific basis for the management of drug use in mariculture, which can prevent the transmission of drug resistance through the food chain and minimize the associated human health risks.

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Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Resistance Gene Detection in Bacteria Isolated from Goldfish and Tiger Barb from Ornamental Fish Farms of Tamil Nadu

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Survey of Colistin Resistance in Commensal Bacteria from Penaeus vannamei Farms in China

Survey of Colistin Resistance in Commensal Bacteria from Penaeus vannamei Farms in China

Incidence, antimicrobial resistance and distribution of class 1 and class 2 integron gene cassette arrays in bacteria isolated from ornamental fishes cultured in three districts of Tamil Nadu

Investigation of antibiotic resistance genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of marine aquaculture fish carried in the Dalian area of China

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