Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic diversity ofPseudomonas aeruginosaas intestinal colonizer in the community

Abstract

In this study we determined the prevalence of intestinal carriage, the antimicrobial susceptibility rates, and the genetic diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the community. From July 2010 to December 2011, a total of 2110 nonreplicate fecal samples from individuals living in Bavaria were collected. Samples were screened for P. aeruginosa by a selective medium and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion technique. Genetic diversity was assessed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Intestinal colonization was detected in 31 of 2110 (1.47%) individuals. None of the isolates showed resistance to aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin or colistin. Twenty-five isolates could be assigned to 20 different sequence types (STs), whereas the remaining 6 could not be assigned. Interestingly, four isolates belonged to ST253. These data show that intestinal colonization by P. aeruginosa occurs in the community with high genetic diversity and low rates of antimicrobial resistance.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Spanish Children: Occurrence in Faecal Samples, Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence, and Molecular Typing

“…Regarding molecular typing, a wide variety of sequence types has been found in this study (41 different ST among the 48 P. aeruginosa strains tested), in contrast to other studies with clinical P. aeruginosa isolates, in which mainly appeared the “high-risk clones” ST111, ST175, and ST235. Some works showed that a high genetic diversity is associated with low rates of antimicrobial resistance, as our work has also demonstrated [ 8 , 26 ]. So, the spread of these different STs among the community is independent from the antimicrobial resistance, but other features could be involved such as host adaptation (virulence, biofilm activity…).…”

“…ST244 that was detected in three strains from both regions is a global P. aeruginosa clone identified in several countries, among different origins (clinical, animal, and environmental), and associated with different antimicrobial resistance phenotypes (MDR or susceptible strains) and genotypes (carbapenemase-positive or negative) [ 27 – 30 ]. P. aeruginosa belonging to ST313 and ST274 have been already described as intestinal colonisers in healthy humans [ 8 ], although ST274 has been also previously described in carbapenem-susceptible P. aeruginosa isolates [ 3 , 8 ], associated with cystic fibrosis patients, and is considered as an epidemic clone circulating in Spain [ 29 , 31 , 32 ]. P. aeruginosa strains ascribed to ST27, ST252, ST253 (clonal complex PA14), ST395, and ST560 have been previously observed in clinical animal and environmental samples [ 14 , 27 , 31 , 33 , 34 ].…”

“…Nevertheless, other studies show a high prevalence of P. aeruginosa in small intestinal and faecal samples from irritable bowel syndrome patients [ 7 ]. Relatively little data exist so far about the faecal colonisation by P. aeruginosa isolates in healthy humans, as well as about their antimicrobial resistance and virulence characteristics [ 1 , 3 , 7 , 8 ]. Children tend to be exposed to more disease-causing bacteria through diary activities such as childcare and mouthing behaviours; they are more vulnerable to bacterial illness than adults, and they develop many nonfatal bacterial infections that require antimicrobial treatments, whereas no descriptions exist about the faecal carriage and characterisation of P. aeruginosa isolates from children.…”

General Practitioner Antimicrobial Stewardship Programme Study (GAPS): protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial

“…Thus far, there are no Australian data of K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa nasal carriage, the two important Gram-negative pathogens. P. aeruginosa intestinal carriage has been recently established [ 45 ].…”

Prevalence and risk factors associated with colonization and infection of extensively drug-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa: a systematic review

“…Risk factors for colonization & infection P. aeruginosa is not only ubiquitously found in the environment, but can also be a part of patients' resident microbiota [68]. It has been identified to colonize the gastrointestinal tract especially in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients, but comparatively rarely in the community [69]. Colonization in terms of such asymptomatic carriage can be an important preliminary step before infection [70].…”