Prevalence and strain differentiation of Giardia intestinalis in calves in the Manawatu and Waikato regions of North Island, New Zealand

Hunt, Cynthia Lee; Ionas, George; Brown, Tim

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(00)00259-4

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As in others studies (Hunt et al 2000), no relationship was observed between the presence of Giardia cysts and the consistency of the individual faecal specimen.…”

Section: Presence Of Diarrhoeasupporting

confidence: 45%

Genetic characterisation of Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle in Brazil

Silva¹,

Lopes²,

Araújo³

2012

FOLIA PARASIT

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“…As in others studies (Hunt et al 2000), no relationship was observed between the presence of Giardia cysts and the consistency of the individual faecal specimen.…”

Section: Presence Of Diarrhoeasupporting

confidence: 45%

Genetic characterisation of Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle in Brazil

Silva¹,

Lopes²,

Araújo³

2012

FOLIA PARASIT

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“…For reasons of comparison, it might therefore, be interesting to study Giardia assemblages from asymptomatic patients. The majority of G. duodenalis in livestock belongs to Assemblage E and a minority to Assemblage A (Ey et al, 1997, Hunt et al, 2000, Becher et al, 2004and Read et al, 2004Appelbee et al, 2005;Giangaspero et al, 2005). However, in most studies the molecular identification was based on A-and B-specific PCR and not on analysing the gdh-derived DNA sequence product.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping of Giardia in Dutch patients and animals: A phylogenetic analysis of human and animal isolates

Giessen

Vries

Roos

et al. 2006

International Journal for Parasitology

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Giardia duodenalis (syn. Giardia lamblia, Giardia intestinalis) is a protozoan organism that can infect the intestinal tract of many animal species including mammals. Genetic heterogeneity of G. duodenalis is well described but the zoonotic potential is still not clear. In this study, we analysed 100 Giardia DNA samples directly isolated from human stool specimens, to get more insight in the different G. duodenalis assemblages present in the Dutch human population. Results showed that these human isolates could be divided into two main Assemblages A and B within the G. duodenalis group on the basis of PCR assays specific for the Assemblages A and B and the DNA sequences of 18S ribosomal RNA and the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes. Genotyping results showed that G. duodenalis isolates originating from Dutch human patients belonged in 35% of the cases to Assemblage A (34/98) and in 65% of the cases to Assemblage B (64/98) whereas two human cases remained negative in all assays tested. In addition, we compared these human samples with animal samples from the Netherlands and human and animal samples from other countries. A phylogenetic analysis was carried out on the DNA sequences obtained from these Giardia and those available in GenBank. Using gdh DNA sequence analysis, human and animal Assemblage A and B Giardia isolates could be identified. However, phylogenetic analysis revealed different sub-clustering for human and animal isolates where host-species-specific assemblages (C, D, E, F and G) could be identified. The geographic origin of the human and animal samples was not a discriminating factor.

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“…Due to the frequent identification of Giardia cysts in faecal samples, cattle have long been considered an important source for human infections. Recent studies, however, indi- Table 1 The true prevalence of Giardia (%) (95% Probability Intervals in parentheses), for different age classes of dairy and beef calves (less than 4 weeks, 4-10 weeks and overall), together with the farm prevalence cated that cattle should not be considered as an important source for human giardiosis because most bovine cases of giardiosis are due to infection with G. duodenalis assemblage E (Hunt et al, 2000;O'Handley et al, 2000;Appelbee et al, 2003;Becher et al, 2004;Trout et al, 2004Trout et al, , 2005Trout et al, , 2006Langkjaer et al, 2007). Similarly, in the present study, the majority of the Giardia-positive samples were identified as G. duodenalis assemblage E based on the b-giardin gene, although a substantial number of the isolates from dairy calves were G. duodenalis assemblage A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Giardia duodenalis assemblage A and E infections in calves

Geurden

Geldhof

Levecke

et al. 2008

International Journal for Parasitology

152

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A molecular epidemiological study was conducted on 100 dairy (499 calves) and 50 beef (333 calves) farms in Belgium to estimate the prevalence of different Giardia duodenalis assemblages in calves younger than 10 weeks of age. Positive samples from the epidemiological study and from a previous clinical study were selected and genotyped based on the amplification of the b-giardin gene. To investigate the occurence of mixed assemblage A and E infections in calves, a novel assemblage-specific PCR was developed based on the triose-phosphate isomerase gene. The prevalence was 22% (95% Probability Interval (PI): 12-34%) in dairy calves and 45% (95% PI: 30-64%) in beef calves. In total, 120 Giardia-positive samples from dairy and beef calves collected in the epidemiological study and from clinically affected calves were identified based on the amplification of the b-giardin gene. Overall G. duodenalis assemblage E was more prevalent (in 64% of the samples), although the majority (59%) of the dairy calves were infected with G. duodenalis assemblage A. Furthermore, mixed G. duodenalis assemblage A and E infections were identified in 31% of the calf samples (n = 101) using the assemblage-specific PCR. We believe this is the first report of mixed infections in calves, and the results of the present study indicate that calves, although mainly infected with the host-specific G. duodenalis assemblage E, are frequently infected with the zoonotic assemblage A, either as a mixed or mono-infection, suggesting that calves might be underestimated as a potential zoonotic reservoir for human infections. Ó

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Prevalence and strain differentiation of Giardia intestinalis in calves in the Manawatu and Waikato regions of North Island, New Zealand

Cited by 31 publications

References 13 publications

Genetic characterisation of Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle in Brazil

Genetic characterisation of Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle in Brazil

Genotyping of Giardia in Dutch patients and animals: A phylogenetic analysis of human and animal isolates

Mixed Giardia duodenalis assemblage A and E infections in calves

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