Prevalence and Sociodemographic Distribution of Injuries-Attributed Mortalities in Papua New Guinea: Evidence from the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System

Pham, Bang Nguyen; Maraga, Seri; Kue, Lydia; Silas, Vinson D.; Abori, Norah; Jorry, Ronny; Okely, Anthony D.; Pomat, William

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4052656

Cited by 5 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…36 37 The unavailability of skilled health workers, lack of essential drugs and consumables are often reported at primary health facilities in rural areas. 10 Access to ART has been a key to reducing the risk of dying from HIV/AIDS, but this service is available only at a small number of tertiary health facilities such as hospitals in Port Moresby. Essential laboratory services such as GeneXpert and TB culture for monitoring multidrug-resistant-TB (MDR-TB), and HIV testing are very limited, even unavailable on regular basis at the EHP Hospital.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Limited access to basic healthcare services is often cited as the main reason for the high mortality from TB and HIV/AIDS in PNG 36 37. The unavailability of skilled health workers, lack of essential drugs and consumables are often reported at primary health facilities in rural areas 10. Access to ART has been a key to reducing the risk of dying from HIV/AIDS, but this service is available only at a small number of tertiary health facilities such as hospitals in Port Moresby.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TB and HIV/AIDS were reported as major public health concerns in PNG in the 2010s. 10 11 PNG had the highest HIV/AIDS incidence and prevalence in the Pacific region accounting for 95% of the reported HIV/AIDS cases in the region. 12 This disease has had severe impacts on the health sector and it was estimated that people living with AIDS occupied 70% of hospital beds in 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TB and HIV/AIDS were reported as major public health concerns in PNG in the 2010s 10 11. PNG had the highest HIV/AIDS incidence and prevalence in the Pacific region accounting for 95% of the reported HIV/AIDS cases in the region 12.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS-attributed mortalities and associated sociodemographic factors in Papua New Guinea: evidence from the comprehensive health and epidemiological surveillance system

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveTuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS are public health concerns in Papua New Guinea (PNG). This study examines TB and HIV/AIDS mortalities and associated sociodemographic factors in PNG.MethodAs part of a longitudinal study, verbal autopsy (VA) interviews were conducted using the WHO 2016 VA Instrument to collect data of 926 deaths occurred in the communities within the catchment areas of the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System from 2018 to 2020.InterVA-5 cause of deaths analytical tool was used to assign specific causes of death (COD). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify associated sociodemographic factors, estimate adjusted ORs (AOR), 95% CIs and p values.ResultTB and HIV/AIDS were the leading CODs from infectious diseases, attributed to 9% and 8% of the total deaths, respectively.Young adults (25–34 years) had the highest proportion of deaths from TB (20%) and the risk of dying from TB among this age group was five times more likely than those aged 75+ years (AOR: 5.5 (95% CI 1.4 to 21.7)). Urban populations were 46% less likely to die from this disease compared rural ones although the difference was not significant (AOR: 0.54 (95% CI 0.3 to 1.0)). People from middle household wealth quintile were three times more likely to die from TB than those in the richest quintile (AOR: 3.0 (95% CI 1.3 to 7.4)).Young adults also had the highest proportion of deaths to HIV/AIDS (18%) and were nearly seven times more likely to die from this disease compared with those aged 75+years (AOR: 6.7 (95% CI 1.7 to 25.4)). Males were 48% less likely to die from HIV/AIDS than females (AOR: 0.52 (95% CI 0.3 to 0.9)). The risk of dying from HIV/AIDS in urban population was 54% less likely than their rural counterparts (AOR: 0.46 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.9)).ConclusionTB and HIV/AIDS interventions are needed to target vulnerable populations to reduce premature mortality from these diseases in PNG.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS-attributed mortalities and associated sociodemographic factors in Papua New Guinea: evidence from the comprehensive health and epidemiological surveillance system

et al. 2022

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“… 11 12 This has contributed to an increase in injury mortality. 13 This epidemiological shift could have resulted in an increase in the burden of disease and pressure on the health system, particularly at the primary health level. 14 However, social determinants of injury mortality are poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social determinants of injury-attributed mortality in Papua New Guinea: new data from the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveThis study reported the prevalence and sociodemographic distribution of mortalities attributed to injuries in Papua New Guinea (PNG).SettingAs part of a longitudinal study, mortality data were collected from the population who live in eight surveillance sites of the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System, established in six major provinces in PNG. Verbal autopsy (VA) interviews were conducted by the surveillance team with close relatives of the deceased, using the WHO 2016 VA instrument from January 2018 to December 2020.Participant and InterventionMortality data from 926 VA interviews were analysed, using the InterVA-5 diagnostic tool to assign specific cause of death (COD). Distributions of injury-attributed mortality were calculated and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify sociodemographic factors and provide ORs, 95% CIs of estimates and p values.ResultInjury-attributed deaths accounted for 13% of the total deaths recorded in the surveillance population, with the highest proportion in Madang (22%), followed by Port Moresby and Central Province (13%). Road traffic accidents were the leading COD, accounting for 43% of the total injury-attributed deaths, followed by assaults (25%) and accidental falls (10%). Young adults (aged 15–24 years) accounted the largest proportion of injury-attributed deaths (34%) and were nearly six times more likely to die from injuries than those aged 75+ years (OR: 5.89 (95% CI: 2.18 to 15.9); p<0.001). Males were twice more likely to die from injuries than females (OR: 2.0 (95% CI: 1.19 to 3.36); p=0.009). Another significant sociodemographic factor associated with the increased injury-attributed mortalities included urban versus rural residence (OR: 2.0 (95% CI: 1.01 to 3.99); p=0.048).ConclusionYoung adults, particularly those who live in urban areas, were at the highest risk of dying from injuries. Public health policies and interventions are needed to reduce premature mortality from injuries in PNG.

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Household food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated socioeconomic demographic factors in Papua New Guinea: evidence from the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System

Silas,

Pomat,

Jorry

et al. 2023

BMJ Glob Health

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IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic had an unprecedented impact on global food security, but little is known about the impact on food security at the household level. We examined the prevalence and socioeconomic demographic factors for household food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea.MethodsHousehold socioeconomic demographic data from the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System were collected from six main provinces in 2020 (37880 participants) and compared with the 2018 data (5749 participants). The prevalence of household food insecurity was estimated and stratified by household socioeconomic demographic characteristics. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to estimate adjusted OR (aOR) and 95% CI of risk factors.ResultsThe overall prevalence of household food insecurity increased from 11% in 2018 to 20% in 2020, but varied across provinces, with the highest level reported in Central Province (35%) and the lowest level in East New Britain Province (5%).Food shortages were 72% less likely among urban residents than those living in rural areas (aOR 0.28 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.36)). The risk of food insecurity was 53% higher among adults aged 25+ years with primary education (grades 3–8) than those with university education (aOR 1.53 (95% CI 1.09 to 2.13)). People from households in the poorest wealth quintiles were 80% more likely to report food shortage than those from the richest wealth quintile (aOR 1.78 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.45).ConclusionThe study provides evidence to develop policy and intervention to deal with food insecurity in emergency situations in the future.

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Prevalence and Sociodemographic Distribution of Injuries-Attributed Mortalities in Papua New Guinea: Evidence from the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS-attributed mortalities and associated sociodemographic factors in Papua New Guinea: evidence from the comprehensive health and epidemiological surveillance system

Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS-attributed mortalities and associated sociodemographic factors in Papua New Guinea: evidence from the comprehensive health and epidemiological surveillance system

Social determinants of injury-attributed mortality in Papua New Guinea: new data from the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System

Household food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated socioeconomic demographic factors in Papua New Guinea: evidence from the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System

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