Prevalence and Severity of <i>Nattrassia mangiferae</i> Root and Stem Rot Pathogen of Cassava in Bénin

Msikita, W.; Bissang, B.; James, B.; Baïmey, Hugues; Wilkinson, H. T.; Ahounou, M.; Fagbemissi, R.

doi:10.1094/pd-89-0012

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Since rot diseases occur underground where they are not visible, their impact is not as readily perceived as are those caused by foliar pathogens. Cassava plants are quite resilient and have an extensive root system that enables the plant to remain standing and asymptomatic even when heavily infected (18), which further masks the effect of root rotting pathogens until the tubers are harvested. Based on surveys of farmers in the humid forest area of Cameroon, 58% of the sampled population (n = 120) ranked root rot disease as the main constraint to cassava production (M. Mwangi, R. Bandyopadhyay, and C. Nolte, unpublished data).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fusarium Species from the Cassava Root Rot Complex in West Africa

Bandyopadhyay¹,

Mwangi²,

Aigbe³

et al. 2006

Phytopathology®

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Fusarium species are a significant component of the set of fungi associated with cassava root rot. Yield losses due to root rot average 0.5 to 1 ton/ha but losses >3 ton/ha, an equivalent of 15 to 20% yield, often occur. This paper reviews previous work on cassava root rot and summarizes a few recent studies on Fusarium species associated with the disease. Our studies in Cameroon showed that 30% of rotted tubers were infected by Fusarium spp. 12 months after planting and represented 25% of all the fungal isolates recovered. Other commonly recovered fungi were Botryodiplodia theobromae and Armillaria spp. Numerous and diverse species of Fusarium were associated with rotted cassava roots in Nigeria and Cameroon. At least 13 distinct amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) groups of Fusarium were distinguishable, each group probably a distinct species, and many of them might represent previously undescribed Fusarium species. The two largest of the AFLP groups correspond to F. oxysporum and F. solani species complex. The distribution of Fusarium spp. varied among countries and among locations within a country, suggesting that germ plasm resistant at one location may not be resistant at another. Fusarium spp. also cause seedling blight of cassava and can be recovered from the stems of infected plants up to 1 m above the ground. Therefore, the pathogen can spread with stems cut as planting material. Fusarium spp. also can colonize Chromolaena odorata, the dominant weed in short fallows, which could further complicate management efforts by serving as an alternative host for strains that colonize cassava.

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“…Disease incidence usually is higher during the rainy season, but some pathogens, e.g., Macrophomina phaseolina, are more common during the dry season (18). The main symptom of rot disease is a breakdown in tissue of the mature tuberous roots, usually associated with a foul odor and changes in color, which may be useful in distinguishing the pathogens involved.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium Species from the Cassava Root Rot Complex in West Africa

Bandyopadhyay¹,

Mwangi²,

Aigbe³

et al. 2006

Phytopathology®

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“…It was reported to cause about 20 to 80% yield loss (Mskita et al, 2005). Aigbe and Remison (2010) reported that the starch content and quality of garri decreased with increasing incidence or severity of root rot among assessed varieties of cassava.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene diversity and identification of putative hybridizing parents for root rot resistance in cassava using simple sequence repeats

Moyib¹

2012

Int. J. Biotechnol. Mol. Biol. Res.

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The incidence of root rot diseases partly contribute to the currently observed low percentage increase in the yield of cassava. We estimated gene diversities and identified putative hybridizing parents for root rot resistance using 18 simple sequence repeats loci in 43 improved genotypes of cassava. Root rot was measured over 2 years as the percentage proportion of rotten roots to the total number of roots harvested at 12 month after planting. Estimated rot ranged from 1.2 to 21.2% with a mean of 5.7±0.5. Rank-sum analysis generated 8 rot classes and identified TMS 96/1089A as best genotype resistant to root rot. Gene diversity analysis revealed expected heterozygosity that ranged from 0.701 for very highly susceptible genotypes to 0.781 for moderately resistant and susceptible. Genetic differentiation ranged from -0.0178 (resistant and susceptible) to 0.0523 (very highly resistant and highly resistant genotypes). A total heterozygosity of 0.764 was estimated and was largely due to within class diversity (0.755). DNA analysis representatives for window (DARwin) identified 10 hybridizing groups with a dissimilarity coefficient that ranged from 0.18 to 0.81 on a mean of 0.60. The results obtained from the present study are useful for the genetic improvement of cassava against root rot disease.

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“…This disease is caused by different root rot fungi, and has been reported to cause yield losses of up to 80% in farmers' fields (Msikita et al, 2005). Because the rot pathogens affect the underground tuberous roots of cassava, the magnitude of the damage cannot be quantified until harvest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…as the most important pathogens of this disease in the region (Msikita et al, 1998(Msikita et al, , 2005Onyeka et al, 2004). In a comprehensive survey across cassava ecological zones in Nigeria, B. theobromae was observed in more than 70% of 115 farmers' fields (Onyeka, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of levels of resistance to cassava root rot disease (Botryodiplodia theobromae) in African landraces and improved germplasm using in vitro inoculation method

2005

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Cassava root rot disease is an increasing problem in Africa where yield losses of about 80% have been recorded. We evaluated 290 African landraces and 306 improved genotypes from the germplasm collections of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), for sources of resistance using root slice laboratory assay. Disease severity was assessed quantitatively by direct percentage estimation (PS) and by use of a rating scale (RS). Both methods of assessment were compared for identification of variability in the germplasm, and genotypes were classified into response groups using an enlarged rank-sum method that combined the PS and RS assessments. The two scoring methods revealed continuous variation (P < 0.001) for resistance in the sets of germplasm. Disease assessments based on PS and RS were highly correlated in both the improved germplasm (r = 0.75) and the landraces (r = 0.72). Based on PS assessment, 50 improved genotypes (16.3%) and 53 landraces (18.3%) showed significantly lower disease scores than the resistant control. The rank-sum method separated each set of collections into highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible and highly susceptible groups. Fifty-nine improved genotypes (16.4%) and 61 African landraces (16.9%) were identified as either highly resistant or resistant. Generally, these genotypes exhibited resistance by limiting the growth of the pathogen (reduced amount of invaded surface area). This type of rate-reducing resistance is highly heritable and a quantitative trait which can be harnessed in breeding. Genotypes subsets were identified for further studies into the genetic basis of resistance to root rot disease.

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Prevalence and Severity of Nattrassia mangiferae Root and Stem Rot Pathogen of Cassava in Bénin

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Fusarium Species from the Cassava Root Rot Complex in West Africa

Fusarium Species from the Cassava Root Rot Complex in West Africa

Gene diversity and identification of putative hybridizing parents for root rot resistance in cassava using simple sequence repeats

Identification of levels of resistance to cassava root rot disease (Botryodiplodia theobromae) in African landraces and improved germplasm using in vitro inoculation method

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