Prevalence and Serological Detection of Apple Viruses in Himachal Pradesh

Katwal, V. S.; Handa, Anil; Thakur, P. D.; Tomar, Manica

doi:10.3923/ppj.2016.40.48

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, several other viruses, viz., apple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV), prunus necrotic ring spot virus (PNRSV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], have also been found associated with AMD. Based on immunological and molecular methods (DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR), ApMV was the only causal agent found to be associated with AMD from the states of J&K and HP in India up until 2019 [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. However, in 2020, Nabi et al reported the association of both ApMV and ApNMV with mosaic disease in several apple cultivars from India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Throughput RNA Sequencing of Mosaic Infected and Non-Infected Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) Cultivars: From Detection to the Reconstruction of Whole Genome of Viruses and Viroid

Nabi

Rao

Mansoor

et al. 2022

Plants

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Many viruses have been found associated with apple mosaic disease in different parts of the world. In order to reveal and characterize the viruses and viroids in symptomatic apple plants, next-generation sequencing (RNA seq.) of rRNA-depleted total RNA using Illumina Hiseq2500 was applied to two cultivars, Oregon Spur and Golden Delicious, with symptoms of mosaic and necrosis and one cultivar, Red Fuji, which was asymptomatic. The RNA sequencing detected five viruses, viz., apple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV), apple mosaic virus (ApMV), apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) and apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), and one viroid i.e., apple hammerhead viroid (AHVd). RT-PCR amplification and sequencing also confirmed the presence of all these five viruses and viroids detected in HTS of total RNA. The complete genomes of five viruses and AHVd were reconstructed. The phylogenetic analysis of these viruses and AHVd revealed genetic diversity by forming subclusters with isolates from other countries. Recombination events were observed in all five viruses while single-nucleotide variants were detected only in ApMV and ApNMV. The absence of ApMV and ApNMV in asymptomatic samples from the same cultivars in an RT-PCR assay indicated that these two viruses are associated with mosaic disease of apples in India. This is the first viral genome analysis of symptomatic and asymptomatic apple plants and the first report of genome characterization of viruses associated with apple mosaic disease from India. High-throughput RNA sequencing is a powerful tool to characterize the genome of viruses and viroids in plants previously undetected by conventional methods. This would also help in the indexing and certification of large-scale germplasm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Throughput RNA Sequencing of Mosaic Infected and Non-Infected Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) Cultivars: From Detection to the Reconstruction of Whole Genome of Viruses and Viroid

Nabi

Rao

Mansoor

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…The presence of uneven distribution of both viruses in plant parts is due to the labile nature of these viruses as both the viruses belong to the genus Ilarvirus [22,26]. These ndings were also supported for other apple viruses like apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) and apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) [31][32][33]. During autumn season both the viruses were again detected in leaves with highest titer.…”

Section: Relative Quanti Cation Through Real Time Pcrmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Earlier only apple mosaic virus (ApMV) was found to be associated with AMD [8], however, several other viruses, viz., apple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV), prunus necrotic ring spot virus (PNRSV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), [9][10][11] have also been associated with AMD. Based on immunological and molecular methods (DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR ) ApMV was the only causal agent found to be associated with AMD from states of J&K and HP in India till 2019 [12][13][14][15]. However association of both ApMV and ApNMV with mosaic disease in several apple cultivars from India is reported [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal distribution of ApMV and ApNMV associated with mosaic disease of apple (Malus domestica) to optimize tissue and time for real time detection

Nabi

Mir

Din

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Besides apple mosaic virus (ApMV), apple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV) has also been found associated with apple mosaic disease. Both viruses being labile in nature and their titer varies negatively with high temperatures, needs proper tissue as well as time for real time detection within the plants. The present study was carried out to understand the distribution and titre of ApMV and ApNMV in apple trees from different plant parts (spatial) during different seasons (temporal) for optimization of tissue and time for their timely detection.Methods and Results: The RT-PCR and RT-qPCR was carried out to detect and quantify both the viruses in various plant parts of apple trees during different seasons. Depending upon the availability of tissue, both ApMV and ApNMV were detected in all the plant parts during spring season using RT-PCR. During summer both the viruses were detected in only in seeds and fruits, whereas in leaves and pedicel during autumn season. The RT-qPCR results showed that during spring the ApMV and ApNMV expression was higher in leaves, where as in summer and autumn the titre was highest in seeds and leaves respectively. Conclusions: Leaves during spring and autumn, whereas seeds during summer season can be used as detection material via RT-PCR for early and rapid detection of ApMV and ApNMV. This study will help in accurate sampling to index the planting material well in time and will also aid in production of virus free planting material

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“…In Korea, ASGV is highly prevalent, particularly in the SG cultivar, and it can lead to severe economic losses ( Nam and Kim, 1994 ). Moreover, concomitant infection with multiple viruses is common in plants, and collectively, such viral infections can lead to substantial economic and yield losses ( Katwal et al, 2016 ). To characterize virus populations infecting the SG pear cultivars, viral reads and copy numbers were calculated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Plant Viruses Infecting Pear Using RNA Sequencing

Kim

Lee

Kim³

et al. 2021

Plant Pathol J

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Asian pear ( Pyrus pyrifolia ) is a widely cultivated and commercially important fruit crop, which is occasionally subject to severe economic losses due to latent viral infections. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine and provide a comprehensive overview of virus populations infecting a major pear cultivar (‘Singo’) in Korea. From June 2017 to October 2019, leaf samples ( n = 110) of pear trees from 35 orchards in five major pear-producing regions were collected and subjected to RNA sequencing. Most virus-associated contigs matched the sequences of known viruses, including apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) and apple stem pitting virus (ASPV). However, some contigs matched the sequences of apple green crinkle-associated virus and cucumber mosaic virus. In addition, three complete or nearly complete genomes were constructed based on transcriptome data and subjected to phylogenetic analyses. Based on the number of virus-associated reads, ASGV and ASPV were identified as the dominant viruses of ‘Singo.’ The present study describes the virome of a major pear cultivar in Korea, and looks into the diversity of viral communities in this cultivar. This study can provide valuable information on the complexity of genetic variability of viruses infecting pear trees.

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Prevalence and Serological Detection of Apple Viruses in Himachal Pradesh

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

High-Throughput RNA Sequencing of Mosaic Infected and Non-Infected Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) Cultivars: From Detection to the Reconstruction of Whole Genome of Viruses and Viroid

High-Throughput RNA Sequencing of Mosaic Infected and Non-Infected Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) Cultivars: From Detection to the Reconstruction of Whole Genome of Viruses and Viroid

Spatial and temporal distribution of ApMV and ApNMV associated with mosaic disease of apple (Malus domestica) to optimize tissue and time for real time detection

Identification of Plant Viruses Infecting Pear Using RNA Sequencing

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