Prevalence and risk indicators of oral mucosal lesions in adult population visiting primary health centers and community health centers in Kodagu district

Abstract

Background and Objective: Utilization of primary health center (PHC) and community health center (CHC) could be one of the few practical approaches in early detection of oral cancers and potentially malignant disorder (PMD). This study was designed to estimate the prevalence and distribution of oral mucosal lesion (OML) and its associated risk factors among the adult population of Kodagu district. Methodology: 1048 patients, 18 years of age and above, attending the outpatient department of PHC and CHC in Kodagu district comprised the study population. The World Health Organization Oral Health Assessment Form, cinical examination, and demographic factors were recorded using a proforma. Chi-square test and contingency coefficient and logistic regression were applied to check statistical differences. Results: The overall prevalence of OML was found to be 18.89%. Prevalence of PMD was 5.63%. Prevalence of PMD was highest among the elementary occupation (15.63%). Two cases of oral cancer were identified. There was a significant association of PMD with the age group of 41–60 years. Leukoplakia was strongly associated with male gender [odds ratio (OR) 2.83, P < 0.001]. Smoking and chewing were significant risk factors associated with leukoplakia (OR 11.05, P < 0.001) and oral submucous fibrosis (OR 4.63, P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of OML in the study population was 18.89%. A high prevalence of PMD in the population could be attributed to the associated risk factors such as smoking, chewing habits, and alcohol use. Utilization of PHC and CHC could be a useful strategy to detect previously undiagnosed OML including PMD and cancerous lesions among the population.

High prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in elderly: Call for revolutionizing geriatric dental care strategies

“…[ 22 23 ] An Indian study showed statistically significant association between leukoplakia and male gender. [ 24 ] The most prevalent premalignant lesion was oral submucous fibrosis, an observation similar to that of an Indian study. [ 13 25 ] This is due to increased quid chewing habit in Indian subcontinent.…”

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions Among the Indigenous Nicobarese Tribe of Remote Car Nicobar Island, India: A Community Based Study

“…The present study showed a lower frequency of oral cancer (0.19%) as compared to the study conducted by Srivastava R et al in Kanpur where the prevalence of oral malignancy was 5.62% [28]. However, the low prevalence of oral cancer is similarly reported by Ikeda N et al and Kumar Sendhil et al [29,30].…”

“…Tobacco use in any form is associated with an increased risk of oral cancer [2,30,31]. According to Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in 2016-17, 29% of all adults were tobacco users whereas in our study, 85.9% were tobacco users is much higher than GATS.…”

Prevalence and Distribution of Oral Mucosal Lesions and Normal Variants among Nepalese Population

“…The study population was 16572, among which 9703 (58.55%) were males and 6869 (41.44%) were females, which was far more than other studies by Amaral et al (1075, 430 males and 645 females) [ 4 ], El Toum et al (178, 76 females and 102 males) [ 6 ], Bajracharya et al (111) [ 8 ], Gambhir et al (451) [ 10 ], Ali et al (530, 174 males and 134 females) [ 11 ], Blanco DC P et al (515, 191 males and 324 females) [ 12 ], Mumcu et al, (765, 375 males and 390 females) [ 13 ], Kumar et al (1048) [ 14 ], Parlak et al (993) [ 15 ], Amaral et al (1075, 429 males and 646 females) [ 4 ], Jahanbani (1167, 1070 males and 97 females) [ 16 ], Leite et al (1385, 648 males and 737 females) [ 17 ], Carrard et al (1586,719 males and 867 females) [ 18 ], Oivio et al (1966) [ 5 ], Saraswathi et al (2017, 1286 males and 731 females) [ 19 ], Chiang et al (2050) [ 20 ], Al-Mobeeriek et al (2552) [ 21 ], Mehrotra et al (3030, 2150 males and 880 females) [ 22 ], Demko et al (3182) [ 23 ], Do et al (3551) [ 24 ], Pentenero et al (4098) [ 25 ], Avcu et al (5150) [ 26 ], and Bhatnagar et al (8866, 5187 males and 3679 females) [ 27 ].…”