Prevalence and risk factors related to intestinal parasites among children in Department of Rio San Juan, Nicaragua

Muñoz-Antolí, Carla; Pavón, A.; Marcilla, Antonio; Toledo, Rafael; Esteban, J. Guillermo

doi:10.1093/trstmh/tru160

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We found no significant association between behavioural, service-related, and environmental factors in this study area. This is contrary to other studies [15,21,30,31]. In the current study, the socioeconomic characteristics of an individual were the main drivers of worm infestation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Intensity, and Factors Associated with Soil-Transmitted Helminths Infection among Children in Zambia: A Cross-sectional Study

Tembo¹,

Mubita²,

Sitali³

et al. 2019

TOPHJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Soil-transmitted helminths are among the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) of poverty. They are a common type of parasitic infections in the world, caused by three main species commonly known as roundworms, whipworms, and hookworms. The diseases have major health and socio-economic repercussions and significantly contribute to public health problems in developing countries. Objectives: This study investigated the prevalence, intensity, and factors associated with soil-transmitted helminths among children in Chililabombwe district of Zambia. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used, consisting of 411 guardian – child pairs aged between 17-77 years and 1-15 years, respectively. This was conducted between October and December 2017. Systematic sampling and simple random sampling were used to select the household and 411 participants, respectively. The study used a structured pre-tested questionnaire and stool tests to obtain information on socio-demographic, environmental, behavioral, and service-related factors associated with helminth infection. Stool samples were collected and examined for the presence of parasites using formol-ether concentration and Kato-Katz techniques. Geometric mean was used to report the intensity of infection. An investigator-led stepwise regression was used to identify factors associated with developing Soil-Transmitted Helminth infection and the level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infection was 59/411 (14.4%) and the most dominant parasite was roundworms 58/411 (14.1%). The overall intensity of infection was light (<5000epg) with a few heavy infections (>50000epg). Factors independently associated with soil-transmitted helminth infection after adjusting for other variables were residence (AOR=0.26; 95% CI [0.09-0.73]), household income (AOR=2.49; 95% CI [1.01-6.12]), and overcrowding (AOR =1.33; 95% CI [1.09-1.62]). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that STH infections are still prevalent. Low household income, residence, and overcrowding are the factors associated with infection. This indicates that reinfection is common even after deworming.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Intensity, and Factors Associated with Soil-Transmitted Helminths Infection among Children in Zambia: A Cross-sectional Study

Tembo¹,

Mubita²,

Sitali³

et al. 2019

TOPHJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…36,37 Globally, earlier investigations demonstrated several risk factors for the high prevalence and incidence of IPIs including poor sanitation, low family income, poor personal hygiene, untreated water supply, low level of self and parental education, eating unwashed vegetables, contact with animals and contaminated soils. 9,38,39 In our study, univariate analysis showed that increasing in age, rural and farmer being are potential risk factor to acquisition of IPIs in north of Iran. However, none of the variables were statistically significant in logistic regression analysis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasite infections in Mazandaran province, North of Iran

Gholipoor

Khazan

Azargashb

et al. 2020

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are confirmed as major public health problems, worldwide. Northern Iran is highly endemic area for such infections. This research aimed to study on the prevalence of IPIs among people referred to the health care centers in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional survey, 984 stool samples were collected during 2015-2016. Fresh stool samples were collected from all individuals and examined by direct slide smear, formalin-ether concentration, trichrome and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining techniques. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and Chi-square test. Results: Out of 984 participants, the overall prevalence of IPIs was 12.1% (95 CI, 11.4-12.7; 119/984). The prevalence of protozoa and helminthes infections were 7.9% (95 CI, 7.4-8.3; 109/984) and 5.3% (95 CI, 4.9%-5.5%; 69/984), respectively. The most prevalent protozoan IPs were include Giardia lamblia (3.3%), Entamoeba coli (2%), Blastocystis hominis (1.3%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (1.1%), Entamoeba hartmanni (1.1%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (0.6%). Also major helminthic infections were include Trichostrongylus spp. (2.6%), Hookworms (1.7%), Strongyloides stercoralis (1.1%), Hymenolepis nana (0.6%) and Dicrocoelium dendriticum (0.6%). The results of the univariate analysis revealed that residence (rural being [P = 0.017]) and occupation (farmers [0.033]) were statistically significant risk factor for IPIs. Conclusion: In conclusion, we have found, despite persistent improvement in sanitary conditions over the recent years in northern part of Iran, IPIs are still among the main public health problems in this area. Moreover, helminths infection in our study were considerable. Thus, effective control programs are essential to reduce the incidence of IPIs.

show abstract

“…A total of 30 helminth-only [38,39,41–44,47,48,51–56,58,63,64,68,70,72,73,76–79,81–84] and 18 helminth-intestinal protozoa [47,53,86–92,95,97,101,102,110,112,113,116,119] studies provided categorical data concerning the number of parasites in each host and were evaluated using the Janovy model. Twenty studies demonstrated significantly different observed frequency distributions of infection compared to the frequency of host infection expected in each host class if infections were independent events for helminth-only studies, while ten studies demonstrated significant differences in these distributions for helminth-intestinal protozoa studies (Tables 2 and 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extent, nature, and pathogenic consequences of helminth polyparasitism in humans: A meta-analysis

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Individual helminth infections are ubiquitous in the tropics; geographical overlaps in endemicity and epidemiological reports suggest areas endemic for multiple helminthiases are also burdened with high prevalences of intestinal protozoan infections, malaria, tuberculosis (TB), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite this, pathogens tend to be studied in isolation, and there remains a need for a better understanding of the community ecology and health consequences of helminth polyparasitism to inform the design of effective parasite control programs. Methodology We performed meta-analyses to (i) evaluate the commonality of polyparasitism for helminth-helminth, helminth-intestinal protozoa, helminth-malaria, helminth-TB, and helminth-HIV co-infections, (ii) assess the potential for interspecies interactions among helminth-helminth and helminth-intestinal protozoan infections, and (iii) determine the presence and magnitude of association between specific parasite pairs. Additionally, we conducted a review of reported health consequences of multiply-infected individuals compared to singly- or not multiply-infected individuals. Principal findings We found that helminth-helminth and helminth-intestinal protozoan multiple infections were significantly more common than single infections, while individuals with malaria, TB, and HIV were more likely to be singly-infected with these infections than co-infected with at least one helminth. Most observed species density distributions significantly differed from the expected distributions, suggesting the potential presence of interspecies interactions. All significant associations between parasite pairs were positive in direction, irrespective of the combination of pathogens. Polyparasitized individuals largely exhibited lower hemoglobin levels and higher anemia prevalence, while the differences in growth-related variables were mostly statistically insignificant. Conclusions Our findings confirm that helminth polyparasitism and co-infection with major diseases is common in the tropics. A multitude of factors acting at various hierarchical levels, such as interspecies interactions at the within-host infra-parasite community level and environmental variables at the higher host community level, could explain the observed positive associations between pathogens; there remains a need to develop new frameworks which can consider these multilevel factors to better understand the processes structuring parasite communities to accomplish their control.

show abstract

Prevalence and risk factors related to intestinal parasites among children in Department of Rio San Juan, Nicaragua

Abstract: Government efforts should be focused on controlling the risk factors associated with these enteroparasites, with health education programmes in rural areas of Nicaragua.

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence, Intensity, and Factors Associated with Soil-Transmitted Helminths Infection among Children in Zambia: A Cross-sectional Study

Prevalence, Intensity, and Factors Associated with Soil-Transmitted Helminths Infection among Children in Zambia: A Cross-sectional Study

Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasite infections in Mazandaran province, North of Iran

The extent, nature, and pathogenic consequences of helminth polyparasitism in humans: A meta-analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About