Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in the Adult Population of Porto-Novo (Benin)

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus in the adult population of Porto-Novo. Methods: A cross-sectional study with random sampling, stratified cluster, was used. Fasting blood glucose was measured in capillary blood (Accu-Chek Active). Diabetes mellitus was defined as fasting glucose ≥ 1.26 g/L, and fasting hyperglycemia in non-diabetic fasting glucose ≥ 1.10 and < 1.26 g/L. Results: The survey involved 240 individuals. The sex ratio was 0.48. The mean age was 46 ± 13 years (range 25-80 years). The prevalence of hyperglycemic patients was 7.9%. The prevalence of diabetes was 6.7%, including 3.3% of unknown diabetes, half of diabetics. The prevalence of fasting hyperglycemia without diabetes was 1.2%. The risk factors for diabetes type 2 onset were a family history of diabetes (p = 0.017), older age (p = 0.003), hypertension (p = 0.005) and abdominal obesity (NCEP: p = 0.044; FID: p = 0.001). Conclusion: These high figures confirm the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Benin, documented in many developing countries.

Diabetes and correlates of cardiovascular diseases among women aged 15-49 years in Benin: evidence from a Demographic and Health Survey

“…Hypertension and diabetes were risk factors for heart disease. This association is very much in agreement with several studies ndings across SSA countries, which have also come up with reports that hypertension or/and diabetes are risk factors of CVDs; such as Nigeria (34), Cameroon (35,36), Benin (37), and 2010 Global Burden of Diseases report on CVDs in SSA (18). Mandi et al, also reported that hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor of CVD in rural Burkina Faso (38).…”

“…Explanations have been offered on the possible mechanisms; that hyperglycemic effects on the physiologic status of the lungs, in ammatory responses or the lungs susceptibility to infections may be a signi cant contributor to this association (55,56), another possible mechanism is offered by Zheng et al, which attributed the association to a sustained diabetes level resulting in oxidative stress (OS) thereby causing tissue damage (57). Aside from these possibilities, lifestyles such as tobacco use, sedentary life, physical inactivity, air pollution as well as age have been implicated as possible risk factors for both heart and lung diseases (37,51,(58)(59)(60).…”

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in urban Bo, Sierra Leone, and in the 16 countries of the West Africa region

“…West African countries (Table 3). Benin, 20,25,[29][30][31]37,38 Burkina Faso, 17,24 the Gambia, 40 Ghana, 21,26 Guinea, 23 Guinea-Bissau, 35 Liberia, 18 Mali, 39 Mauritania, 36,28 Nigeria, 19,22,27,[32][33][34] Senegal, 16 Sierra Leone, 11 and Togo. 41 Additionally, Cabo Verde and Niger participated in the World Health Organization's STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) survey (http://www.who.int/chp/steps), so Côte d'Ivoire was the only West African country for which diabetes prevalence data were not available.…”

“…Diabetes prevalence rates are usually about twice as high in urban Africa as in rural parts of sub‐Saharan Africa . The most recent studies conducted in urban areas of West Africa reported diabetes prevalence rates based on fasting blood glucose levels of ≥126 mg/dL of 6.7% in Benin in 2014, 10.5% in Liberia in 2014, 4.7% in Mauritania in 2012 after excluding adults with a prior diagnosis of diabetes, and 12.4% in Burkina Faso in 2011 . The 7.0% rate found in this new study in urban Sierra Leone is in line with these results from cities in nearby countries.…”

Prevalence of Obesity in Black Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes in Benin

“…Although many diabetics are obese, all obese people are not diabetic, and there are also non-obese diabetic. Hence it is important for us to study the prevalence of obesity in diabetics in Benin, where the prevalence of diabetes is steadily increasing [1]- [3] like in other countries around the world [4]. Moreover, being a cardiovascular risk factor, obesity constitutes a co-morbidity in the diabetics and thus accelerates the development of diabetes complications particularly the macrovascular complications.…”