Prevalence and risk factors of periodontitis among adults with or without diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background/Aims:This study examined prevalence and risk factors of periodontitis in representative samples of Korean adults, with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods:Data from the 2012 Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey were analyzed. A total of 4,477 adults (≥ 30 years old) were selected from 8,057 individuals who completed a nutrition survey, a self-reported general health behavior questionnaire, an oral examination, an oral hygiene behaviors survey, and laboratory tests. DM was defined as a fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL, or self-reported diagnosed diabetes, or current use of oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin. The community periodontal index was used to assess periodontitis status and comparisons between the periodontitis and the non-periodontitis group, were performed, according to the presence of DM. Risk factors for periodontitis in adults with DM and without DM were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis.Results:The prevalence of periodontitis was significantly higher in adults with DM (43.7%) than in those without DM (25%, p < 0.001). In adults without DM, risk factors for periodontitis were older age, male, urban habitation, waist circumference, smoking, oral pain, and less frequent tooth brushing. Significant risk factors for periodontitis in adults with DM were the smoking, oral pain, and not-using an oral hygiene product.Conclusions:Adults with DM have an increased risk of periodontitis than those without DM. Current smoking and oral pain increase this risk. Using an oral hygiene product can reduce risk of periodontal disease in adults with DM.

Periodontal disease in adults with diabetes, prevalence and risk factors. Results of an observational study

“…Contrary to other studies where male patients are more likely to suffer periodontitis, we found that female patients had higher prevalence of periodontal disease than male patients did. Eke et al reported a similar result stating a higher periodontitis frequency in older women compared with older male patients.…”

“…In line with the other authors, men and women with diabetes had higher prevalence of periodontitis than those without . However, when comparing gender differences among persons with diabetes, we found no differences in prevalence of periodontitis, again consistent with other results …”

Cross‐sectional associations of impaired glucose metabolism measures with bleeding on probing and periodontitis

“…For example, Hong et al (2016) found that individuals with IFG (111-125 mg/dL) had an increased odds of periodontitis (OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.01-1.75) compared with subjects with normal fasting glucose (<90 mg/dL). Similarly, Saito et al (2005) found that IGT was significantly associated with quintiles of mean PPD among Japanese women.…”

“…Few cross-sectional studies (Arora et al, 2014; Choi et al, 2011; Hong et al, 2016; Islam et al, 2015; Song et al, 2016) and only three longitudinal studies (Chiu et al, 2015; Demmer et al, 2010; Saito et al, 2004) have found significant associations between prediabetes states and periodontitis. However, other cross-sectional studies have found no association between prediabetes states and periodontitis (Arora et al, 2014; Demmer et al, 2015; Kowall et al, 2015; Noack et al, 2000; Saito et al, 2005).…”

Glycemic control and adipokines after periodontal therapy in patients with Type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis

“…6,7,8,9 A large number of epidemiological studies have demonstrated that T2DM may increase the risk of CP by two-to three-fold. 10,11,12 Conversely, CP may be a risk factor for worsened glycemic control in diabetic individuals and may increase the risk of related complications. 13,14 Currently, the mechanism by which T2DM influences CP is relatively clear, but the direct effect of CP on T2DM is not yet well understood.…”