Prevalence and Risk Factors of Habitual Snoring in Primary School Children

Li, Albert M.; Au, Chun Ting; So, Hung‐Kwan; Lau, Joseph T. F.; Ng, Pak Cheung; Wing, Yun Kwok

doi:10.1378/chest.09-1926

“…fed breast milk for .12 months developed persistent snoring, nearly onefourth of those who were fed breast milk never or ,1 month became persistent snorers (Fig 2). Two epidemiologic studies that coded breastfeeding dichotomously reported similar findings, 13,25 and a study of habitually snoring children found that longer duration of breastfeeding between 2 and 5 months of age was associated with greater protection from obstructive sleep apnea. 28 Authors of the latter study speculated that the act of breastfeeding promoted the development of a healthy upper airway structure and that breast milk provided immunologic protection against infections that promote SDB.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 79%

“…Although children with low birth weight (,2500 g) have been shown to be at risk for later SDB, 21,26 ,5% of our sample fell in that range, and the overall sample was similar to Paavonen and colleagues' normal birth weight (control) group. 21 Previous findings on the associations of male gender and obesity with SDB have been mixed in children ,6 years of age, 13,25,27 with stronger findings in older children 22,25 and adults. 47 Although we cannot rule out an effect of extreme obesity, present data suggest little systematic associations of SDB with body weight or gender in the large majority of 2-to 3-year-old children.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…African American race, male gender, low birth weight, and low socioeconomic status have previously been shown to predict childSDBincross-sectionalstudies, 13,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27] but these risks are difficult or impossible to modify. With respect to more modifiable risks, current SDB symptoms in infants and toddlers have been linked to exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and a history of little to no breastfeeding during infancy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistent Snoring in Preschool Children: Predictors and Behavioral and Developmental Correlates

Beebe

¹

,

Rausch

²

,

Byars

³

et al. 2012

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Loud snoring, which spikes at ∼2 to 3 years of age, has been associated with behavior problems in school-aged children in cross-sectional studies, but no longitudinal studies have quantified predictors and the behavioral impact of persistent snoring in preschool-aged children.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Persistent loud snoring, which occurs in 9% of children 2 to 3 years of age, is linked with behavior problems. Higher socioeconomic status and a history of breastfeeding were associated with lower rates of transient and persistent snoring in young children. abstract OBJECTIVE: To clarify whether persistent snoring in 2-to 3-year-olds is associated with behavioral and cognitive development, and to identify predictors of transient and persistent snoring. METHODS:Two hundred forty-nine mother/child pairs participated in a prospective birth cohort study. Based upon parental report of loud snoring $2 times weekly at 2 and 3 years of age, children were designated as nonsnorers, transient snorers (snored at 2 or 3 years of age, but not both), or persistent snorers (snored at both ages). We compared groups by using validated measures of behavioral and cognitive functioning. Potential predictors of snoring included child race and gender, socioeconomic status (parent education and income), birth weight, prenatal tobacco exposure (maternal serum cotinine), childhood tobacco exposure (serum cotinine), history and duration of breast milk feeding, and body mass relative to norms. RESULTS:In multivariable analyses, persistent snorers had significantly higher reported overall behavior problems, particularly hyperactivity, depression, and inattention. Nonsnorers had significantly stronger cognitive development than transient and persistent snorers in unadjusted analyses, but not after demographic adjustment. The strongest predictors of the presence and persistence of snoring were lower socioeconomic status and the absence or shorter duration of breast milk feeding. Secondary analyses suggested that race may modify the association of childhood tobacco smoke exposure and snoring.CONCLUSIONS: Persistent, loud snoring was associated with higher rates of problem behaviors. These results support routine screening and tracking of snoring, especially in children from low socioeconomic backgrounds; referral for follow-up care of persistent snoring in young children; and encouragement and facilitation of infant breastfeeding. This manuscript has not been published elsewhere, and all authors approve of its submission for review. Each author made a substantive intellectual contribution to the study. Dr Beebe participated in early conceptualization and design of sleep measurement methodology, conducted preliminary analyses, and collaborated with coauthors on final analyses and data interpretation; he took the lead role with drafting and revising the manuscript. Dr Rausch provided critical contributions to formulating the data analytic plan, conducted final data analyses, assisted with data interpretation, and reviewed ...

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“…10 Faktor risiko terjadinya mendengkur, antara lain usia, disproporsi kraniofasial, hipertrofi tonsil, dan atau adenoid, makroglosia, infeksi saluran pernapasan atas, obesitas, atopi, dan asma. 2,6,[14][15][16]19,20,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Mendengkur lebih sering terjadi pada orang dewasa.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

Hubungan Habitual Snoring dengan Prestasi Akademis Anak Sekolah Dasar

Jaya¹,

Setyanto²,

Oswari³

2016

SP

0

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Latar belakang. Habitual snoring dapat menimbulkan berbagai komplikasi. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara habitual snoring dengan prestasi akademis anak yang rendah, tetapi belum terdapat penelitian mengenai hal ini di Indonesia.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan habitual snoring dengan prestasi anak sekolah dasar berdasarkan rata-rata nilai mata pelajaran matematika, Bahasa Indonesia, dan IPA.Metode. Desain studi potong lintang dengan kriteria inklusi berupa anak habitual snoring dan non snoring minimal 6 bulan sebelum penelitian ini berdasarkan kuesioner yang diisi oleh orangtua anak.Hasil. Didapatkan prevalens snoring 29,3 dari 249 subjek dengan prevalens occasional snoring 20,08% dan habitual snoring 9,24%. Prevalens habitual snoring pada anak laki-laki lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak perempuan (10,87% vs 7,2%) tetapi tidak bermakna secara statistik. Prevalens habitual snoring pada subjek kelompok usia >9 tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok usia ≤9 tahun. Dari 199 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitian, terdiri dari 176 subjek non snoring dan 23 habitual snoring. Kelompok subjek habitual snoring memiliki pencapaian nilai rerata mata pelajaran matematika lebih rendah 11,47 point (nilai p=0,001), mata pelajaran IPA lebih rendah 10,75 point (nilai p= 0,001), Bahasa Indonesia lebih rendah 8,01 point (nilai p=0,01), dan pencapaian nilai rerata yang lebih rendah 10,8 point (nilai p=0,001) berdasarkan rata-rata nilai dari ketiga mata pelajaran tersebut dibandingkan kelompok subjek non snoring.Kesimpulan. Anak habitual snoring memiliki prestasi akademis yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan anak non snoring.

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“…14,23,24,28 Similarly, cross-sectional studies have suggested that SDB symptoms later in childhood are associated with a history of short or absent breastfeeding, maternal smoking during pregnancy, ongoing ETS exposure, and current obesity. 13,21,22,25,27,28 Notably, past studies have focused on predictors of SDB measured at a single time point, not its persistence over time, and ETS data have been gathered primarily from retrospective parent reports.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Snoring in Preschool Children: Predictors and Behavioral and Developmental Correlates

2012

PEDIATRICS

0

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Loud snoring, which spikes at ∼2 to 3 years of age, has been associated with behavior problems in school-aged children in cross-sectional studies, but no longitudinal studies have quantified predictors and the behavioral impact of persistent snoring in preschool-aged children.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Persistent loud snoring, which occurs in 9% of children 2 to 3 years of age, is linked with behavior problems. Higher socioeconomic status and a history of breastfeeding were associated with lower rates of transient and persistent snoring in young children. abstract OBJECTIVE: To clarify whether persistent snoring in 2-to 3-year-olds is associated with behavioral and cognitive development, and to identify predictors of transient and persistent snoring. METHODS:Two hundred forty-nine mother/child pairs participated in a prospective birth cohort study. Based upon parental report of loud snoring $2 times weekly at 2 and 3 years of age, children were designated as nonsnorers, transient snorers (snored at 2 or 3 years of age, but not both), or persistent snorers (snored at both ages). We compared groups by using validated measures of behavioral and cognitive functioning. Potential predictors of snoring included child race and gender, socioeconomic status (parent education and income), birth weight, prenatal tobacco exposure (maternal serum cotinine), childhood tobacco exposure (serum cotinine), history and duration of breast milk feeding, and body mass relative to norms. RESULTS:In multivariable analyses, persistent snorers had significantly higher reported overall behavior problems, particularly hyperactivity, depression, and inattention. Nonsnorers had significantly stronger cognitive development than transient and persistent snorers in unadjusted analyses, but not after demographic adjustment. The strongest predictors of the presence and persistence of snoring were lower socioeconomic status and the absence or shorter duration of breast milk feeding. Secondary analyses suggested that race may modify the association of childhood tobacco smoke exposure and snoring.CONCLUSIONS: Persistent, loud snoring was associated with higher rates of problem behaviors. These results support routine screening and tracking of snoring, especially in children from low socioeconomic backgrounds; referral for follow-up care of persistent snoring in young children; and encouragement and facilitation of infant breastfeeding. This manuscript has not been published elsewhere, and all authors approve of its submission for review. Each author made a substantive intellectual contribution to the study. Dr Beebe participated in early conceptualization and design of sleep measurement methodology, conducted preliminary analyses, and collaborated with coauthors on final analyses and data interpretation; he took the lead role with drafting and revising the manuscript. Dr Rausch provided critical contributions to formulating the data analytic plan, conducted final data analyses, assisted with data interpretation, and reviewed ...

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Habitual Snoring in Primary School Children

Cited by 82 publications

References 39 publications

Persistent Snoring in Preschool Children: Predictors and Behavioral and Developmental Correlates

Persistent Snoring in Preschool Children: Predictors and Behavioral and Developmental Correlates

Hubungan Habitual Snoring dengan Prestasi Akademis Anak Sekolah Dasar

Persistent Snoring in Preschool Children: Predictors and Behavioral and Developmental Correlates

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