Prevalence and risk factors of behavioural changes associated with age‐related cognitive impairment in geriatric dogs

Azkona, Garikoitz; García-Belenguer, Sylvia; Chacón, G.; Rosado, Belén; Leon, Mony J. de; Palacio, Jorge

doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2008.00718.x

Cited by 116 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Recently, Salvin et al [32] developed a CDS rating scale for the diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction and reported the prevalence to be 14.2% in pet dogs over the age of 8 years in contrast to the veterinary diagnosis rate of 1.9%. Overall, when including different studies, the prevalence of CDS in the population of senescent dogs ( ≥ 8 years) is estimated to range from 14.2 to 22.5% and to increase exponentially with increasing age [27,[33][34][35] .…”

Section: Pathological Aging: Symptoms Relevance and Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Aging in Dogs

Chapagain¹,

Range²,

Huber³

et al. 2017

Gerontology

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vere cognitive dysfunction. We suggest that multi-targeted approaches that combine owner-evaluated questionnaires with neuropsychological tests can be most effective in screening cognitively affected dogs from normally aging dogs. Regarding preventive measures, we conclude that combinations of dietary intervention and behavioral enrichment may be more beneficial than single-pathway manipulations in delaying cognitive aging or retaining various cognitive functions during aging.

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Section: Pathological Aging: Symptoms Relevance and Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Aging in Dogs

Chapagain¹,

Range²,

Huber³

et al. 2017

Gerontology

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“…In a cross-sectional survey of English Cocker Spaniels, links between neutering and increased aggression were found in both males and females, but when the analysis was restricted only to dogs desexed prior to aggression being displayed, a significant effect remained only in neutered females for aggression towards children in the household, but not for the other 12 types of aggression 54. Although Azkona et al 55 reported an increased risk of age-related cognitive impairment in desexed dogs, Katina et al 56 found no significant impact of reproductive state on cognitive dysfunction. Existing evidence relies on cross-sectional data, and unknown confounders may significantly affect results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Mandatory desexing of dogs: one step in the right direction to reduce the risk of dog bite? A systematic review

D’Onise¹,

Hazel

Caraguel

2017

Inj Prev

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There is consistent evidence that desexing dogs is associated with a reduced risk of dog bite, although the studies reflect association and may not be causal. Although recent publications have suggested desexing is associated with health and behavioural costs in some breeds, population level evidence supports desexed dogs having a longer lifespan, and being less likely to wander with the added benefit of reducing unwanted litters. Thus, mandatory desexing presents a possible opportunity for prevention of dog bites expanding dog bite prevention beyond an education-only approach.

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“…These conclusions suggest that, just like in humans, increasing age is a determinant factor of the prevalence of these types of diseases (Adams et al 2000, Bain et al 2001, Neilson et al 2001, Azkona et al 2009. Nevertheless, data concerning the global prevalence of this syndrome have not been obtained, partially due to the tendency of a great number of owners to not report the possible behavioral changes in their senile pets to the veterinarian.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Coginitive Dysfunction Syndrome In Dogsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…While many studies on the prevalence of CDS have identified CDS as a common problem in old dogs (Neilson et al 2001, Osella et al 2007, Azkona et al 2009, epidemiology studies suggest that the disease is under-diagnosed in up to 85% of potentially affected animals (Salvin et al 2010). Its prevalence has not been established in many countries of Europe or America, but a poll taken by 981 owners of dogs older than 7 years in the United Kingdom suggested that approximately one-third of the dogs showed signs of confusion, restlessness and less enjoyment of life, while 1 out of 5 showed an increase in the incidence of habitual hygiene problems (Heath et al 2007).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Coginitive Dysfunction Syndrome In Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive dysfunction syndrome: updated behavioral and clinical evaluations as a tool to evaluate the well-being of aging dogs

et al. 2014

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Cognitive dysfunction syndrome: updated behavioral and clinical evaluations as a tool to evaluate the well-being of aging dogsSíndrome de disfunción cognitiva: actualización del conocimiento como herramienta para el bienestar animal en perros seniles RESUMENLa mejora en la atención veterinaria, la nutrición y el enriquecimiento del entorno doméstico ha facilitado que cada vez haya un mayor número de perros que vivan su etapa senil. Sin embargo, se debe tener en cuenta que una mayor longevidad implica una mayor prevalencia de problemas cognitivos en nuestras mascotas. A lo largo de su vida geriátrica los perros son más vulnerables a padecer síndromes demenciales neurodegenerativos de carácter progresivo. Una de las enfermedades neurodegenerativas que actualmente está siendo objeto de estudio por su elevada prevalencia es el síndrome de disfunción cognitiva. La enfermedad es una entidad neurocomportamental que se presenta en perros ancianos, caracterizado por un déficit en el aprendizaje, en la memoria y en la conciencia espacial del perro, además de ser un trastorno clínico que tiene un impacto significativo en la vida de los perros de edad avanzada y sus propietarios. La escasez de pruebas diagnósticas de alta confiabilidad que garanticen la presencia o no de la enfermedad, otorga a la identificación temprana de los signos clínicos, un papel crucial para el establecimiento de un buen pronóstico en términos de mejoría y extensión en la calidad de vida de los pacientes afectados. El tratamiento debe dirigirse a frenar la progresión de la pérdida de cognición, mediante la instauración de técnicas y programas que mejoren la actividad física, los aspectos nutricionales y el ambiente del animal. Por lo tanto, son necesarias futuras investigaciones en el conocimiento, control y prevención de esta patología, para disminuir el impacto generado por sus efectos sobre la calidad de vida de los perros y sus propietarios.Palabras clave: síndrome de disfunción cognitiva, perros, proteína β-amiloidea. SUMMARYImprovements in veterinary medicine, nutrition and the enrichment of the domestic environment have helped more dogs reach to their senile phase. However, greater longevity leads to a higher prevalence of cognitive problems in our pets. Throughout their geriatric lives, dogs are more vulnerable to suffering progressive neurodegenerative dementia syndromes. Due to its high prevalence, cognitive dysfunction syndrome is one of the most studied neurodegenerative diseases. This disease is a neurobehavioral entity that presents itself in senile dogs, and it is characterized by a deficit in learning, memory and the dog's spatial awareness. It is a clinical disorder that has a significant impact on older dogs and their owners. There is a lack of reliable diagnostic tests that can guarantee the presence of the disease, provide early identification of the clinical signs of this disease, or establish a prognosis in terms of the recovery and expansion of the quality of life of the affected patient. Treatment should be directed at slowi...

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Prevalence and risk factors of behavioural changes associated with age‐related cognitive impairment in geriatric dogs

Abstract: Age-related behavioural changes should be considered by practicing veterinarians because of their relative high prevalence among geriatric dogs, especially in females.

Cited by 116 publications

References 35 publications

Cognitive Aging in Dogs

Cognitive Aging in Dogs

Mandatory desexing of dogs: one step in the right direction to reduce the risk of dog bite? A systematic review

Cognitive dysfunction syndrome: updated behavioral and clinical evaluations as a tool to evaluate the well-being of aging dogs

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