Prevalence and risk factors of dry eye disease in young and middle-aged office employee: a Xi’an Study

Hu, Jingwen; Pan, Shi-Yin; Yang, Hua; Xiao, Xianghua

doi:10.18240/ijo.2021.04.14

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“… 2014 ; Hu et al. 2021 ). On the other hand, associations between prolonged VDT use and decreased Schirmer scores were only present in two out of 13 studies (Nakamura et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Across studies, prolonged VDT use was associated with decreased TBUT in five out of 11 studies (Bhargava et al 2014;Moon et al 2014;Wu et al 2014;Rossi et al 2019;S anchez-Valerio et al 2020). In studies assessing prevalence, TBUT ≤5 seconds in VDT workers, was a frequent finding (Uchino et al 2013;Fenga et al 2014;Uchino et al 2014;Hu et al 2021). On the other hand, associations between prolonged VDT use and decreased Schirmer scores were only present in two out of 13 studies (Nakamura et al 2010;Bhargava et al 2014).…”

Section: Findings Overview Of Included Articlesmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Review on the possible pathophysiological mechanisms underlying visual display terminal‐associated dry eye disease

Fjaervoll

Magno

et al. 2022

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Background: Visual display terminal (VDT) use is a key risk factor for dry eye disease (DED). Visual display terminal (VDT) use reduces the blink rate and increases the number of incomplete blinks. However, the exact mechanisms causing DED development from VDT use have yet to be clearly described. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to conduct a review on pathophysiological mechanisms promoting VDT-associated DED. Methods: A PubMed search of the literature investigating the relationship between dry eye and VDT was performed, and relevance to pathophysiology of DED was evaluated. Findings: Fifty-five articles met the inclusion criteria. Several pathophysiological mechanisms were examined, and multiple hypotheses were extracted from the articles. Visual display terminal (VDT) use causes DED mainly through impaired blinking patterns. Changes in parasympathetic signalling and increased exposure to blue light, which could disrupt ocular homeostasis, were proposed in some studies but lack sufficient scientific support. Together, these changes may lead to a reduced function of the tear film, lacrimal gland, goblet cells and meibomian glands, all contributing to DED development. Conclusion: Visual display terminal (VDT) use appears to induce DED through both direct and indirect routes. Decreased blink rates and increased incomplete blinks increase the exposed ocular evaporative area and inhibit lipid distribution from meibomian glands. Although not adequately investigated, changes in parasympathetic signalling may impair lacrimal gland and goblet cell function, promoting tear film instability. More studies are needed to better target and improve the treatment and prevention of VDT-associated DED.

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“… 2014 ; Hu et al. 2021 ). On the other hand, associations between prolonged VDT use and decreased Schirmer scores were only present in two out of 13 studies (Nakamura et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Findings Overview Of Included Articlesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Review on the possible pathophysiological mechanisms underlying visual display terminal‐associated dry eye disease

Fjaervoll

Magno

et al. 2022

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…MGD leads to affecting tear film function, ocular discomfort, evaporative caused dry eye, or ocular surface problems [ 5 ]. The study of 619 randomly chosen participants from a population-based study in north China; 8.6% were symptomatic MGD while the asymptomatic MGD rate was 21.9% [ 6 ]. Many of these ocular clinical manifestations interweave with dry eye, and Demodex relative MGD is believed to be the key pathological factor to evaporative induced dry eye [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypochlorous Acid Can Be the Novel Option for the Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Dry Eye through Ultrasonic Atomization

Wang

et al. 2022

Disease Markers

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Background. Dry eye is a multifactor disease which needs comprehensive treatments to keep the homeostasis of ocular surface. Objective. To explore the effect of hypochlorous acid on the meibomian gland dysfunction dry eye through ultrasonic atomization. Methods. We set this study of 0.01% HOCL and 0.1% hyaluronate by ultrasonic atomization. All the data was recorded at the 1st, 15th, 30th, and 55th days. The patients’ complains, the meibum analysis, conjunctive congestion, corneal staining, Schirmer’s I test, and NIBUT were recorded by K5M, the MMP-9, and IL-2 of tear by inflammation kit; the Demodex was recorded by microscopy. Results. 53 patients have joined this study. There is no statistic difference between them on OSDI (day 15: p = 0.061 , 30: p = 0.055 , 55: p = 0.052 ); results show the 10.57 ± 0.13 and 12.54 ± 0.17 reduction on OSDI; the differences of both treatments are significant ( ∗ ∗ p < 0.01 ). Increased Schirmer’s and TBUT are 3.27 ± 0.10 and 6.29 ± 0.10 ( ∗ ∗ p < 0.01 ) or 7.32 ± 1.72 s and 9.22 ± 1.41 s ( ∗ p < 0.05 ); the decreased conjunctive and corneal staining are 0.23 ± 0.07 and 0.45 ± 0.06 ( ∗ ∗ p < 0.01 ) or 0.42 ± 0.03 and 0.37 ± 0.02 ( ∗ p < 0.05 ) at both groups. The differences of MMP-9 and IL-2 negative rate are significant ( Z = 0.896 , ∗ ∗ p = 0.002 < 0.01 ; Z = 0.659 , ∗ ∗ p = 0.001 < 0.01 ); the number of Demodex mites at first is 10 or 11, while the last is 2 or 6 ( Z = − 4.642 , ∗ ∗ p < 0.01 ; Z = 2.742 , p > 0.05 ). The Demodex count between them is significant ( Z = − 2.310 , ∗ p = 0.032 < 0.05 ). The survival times (ST) of each stage at the HOCL are 110.75 ( 108.50 ± 24.50 ), 95.50 ( 90.25 ± 14.50 ), and 75.25 ( 73.48 ± 8.50 ) min which are shorter than those of control which are 155.50 ( 160.10 ± 21.50 ), 130.25 ( 128.25 ± 16.50 ), and 105.75 ( 102.50 ± 14.50 ) min ( ∗ ∗ p < 0.01 ). The Demodex eradication rate of HOCL is statistic significant ( ∗ p 15th vs. 1st day = 0.028 < 0.05 ; ∗ ∗ p 30th vs. 1st day = 0.002 < 0.01 ; ∗ ∗ p 55th vs. 1st day = 0.0018 < 0.01 ). Conclusions. 0.01% HOCL improves the Demodex eradication by shortening the survival time; the HOCL acts on the ocular surface by reducing the inflammation. The ultrasonic atomization helps for the drug usage.

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“…Sebuah studi di China menunjukkan adanya peningkatan prevalensi DED pada pengguna VDT hingga mencapai 40.3% (Hu, Zhu, Pan, Yang, & Xiao, 2021). Tinjauan pustaka ini akan fokus membahas mengenai hubungan kejadian penyakit mata kering dengan penggunaan VDT, mekanisme yang melatarbelakangi fenomena tersebut, dan tindakan yang dapat mencegah maupun mengurangi keluhan mata kering pada penggunanya.…”

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Dry Eye Disease Terkait Penggunaan Video Display Terminals Pada Pekerja Era Pandemi Covid-19

Bharata¹

2022

JSF

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Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial progressive disease of ocular surface characterized by tear film instability and hyperosmolarity of the precorneal tear film. Patients with DED may experience range of ocular disturbances that may negatively impact their quality of life. The prevalence of DED is increasing among people who work with video display terminals (VDT), especially during the COVID-19 era. Studies have shown the association between DED symptoms and VDT usage. Complete blinking reduction, lacrimal gland hypofunction, Meibomian gland dysfunction, oxidative stress and local inflammation, and blue light phototoxicity are commonly accepted hypothesis. Several approaches are exist to treat and prevent DED among VDT workers.

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Prevalence and risk factors of dry eye disease in young and middle-aged office employee: a Xi’an Study

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Review on the possible pathophysiological mechanisms underlying visual display terminal‐associated dry eye disease

Review on the possible pathophysiological mechanisms underlying visual display terminal‐associated dry eye disease

Hypochlorous Acid Can Be the Novel Option for the Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Dry Eye through Ultrasonic Atomization

Dry Eye Disease Terkait Penggunaan Video Display Terminals Pada Pekerja Era Pandemi Covid-19

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