Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease and diabetic kidney disease in Chinese rural residents: a cross-sectional survey

Abstract

We conducted a cross-sectional survey including 23869 participants and aimed to measure the prevalences of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in a Chinese rural population. CKD and DKD status was defined according to the combination of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and presence of albuminuria Participant completed a questionnaire involving life-style and relevant medical history, and the blood and urinary specimen were taken. The age- and gender- adjusted prevalences of CKD and DKD were calculated and risk factors associated with the presence of CKD and DKD were analyzed by logistic regression. The overall prevalence of CKD was 16.4% (15.9–16.8%) and of DKD was 2.9% (2.7–3.1%). In participants with diabetes, the overall prevalence of CKD was 35.5% (95% CI = 33.7–37.3%). Factors independently associated with renal damage were age, gender, education, personal income, alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Our study shows current prevalences of CKD and DKD in Chinese rural residents. Further researches could identify potential factors explaining the observed differences and implement the interventions to relieve the high burden of CKD and DKD in rural population.

Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease and diabetic kidney disease in a central Chinese urban population: a cross-sectional survey

“…Similarly, heavy physical activities are also associated with engaging long labor hour job and relative lower social economic status. Previously, we reported that the prevalence of CKD and DKD in Chinese rural population was 16.4 and 2.9% [55]. Comparing with it, our current study further demonstrated that the prevalence of CKD in Chinese urban population was similar to which we found in rural population, but the prevalence of DKD was much lower.…”

Burden and determinants of chronic kidney disease among diabetic patients in Ethiopia: A systematic Review and Meta-analysis, 2020

“…The odds of developing CKD for those who had hypertension were increased more than two folds when compared to CKD patients without history of hypertension. This nding is in agreement with other results [7,8,33,35,38,40]. The possible explanation for this could be the under achievement of blood pressure targets that could attribute to early end organ damage and late presentation of medical care in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus [7,33,41].This also pointed to the growing evidence for the existence of genetically determined and environmentally induced factors responsible for the high risk of damage to kidney, especially in countries like Ethiopia.…”

“…The current pooled burden of CKD among diabetic patients in this review was found to be lower than other studies. which is 35.5% and 24.6% in China [34,35] and 20.7% in Cape Town [36]. However, the current nding is higher than reports from Nigeria (7.8 %) [37], Malawi (1.4%) [38], Indonesia (4%) [39] and Sudan (13.3%) [40].…”

<p>Visceral Adiposity Index and Chronic Kidney Disease in a Non-Diabetic Population: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

“…A recent study showed that the prevalence of CKD in China was 16.4%. 6 This increased prevalence has led in increased risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, obesity is also a common risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome.…”

“…Furthermore, obesity is also a common risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. 6 Some studies have reported that obesity and renal function were associated according to anthropometric indices to evaluate obesity. [7][8][9] Body mass index (BMI) is a commonly used index for clinical diagnosis of obesity, but recent studies have found that BMI in patients with CKD does not accurately reflect fat distribution.…”