Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Women Attending Antenatal Care in Hadiya Zone Public Hospitals, Southern Nation Nationality People Region

Abstract

Introduction. In low- and middle-income countries, gestational diabetes mellitus is increasing globally; it is also a double burden of illness for both mothers and children. While gestational diabetes mellitus is recognized in Ethiopia, according to recent diagnostic criteria, information regarding it remains scarce. Objective. To assess the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and associated factors among women attending antenatal care in Hadiya Zone public Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional research on a total of 470 pregnant mothers was conducted in the Hadiya Region from August 2019 to December 2020. Finally, via the systematic random sampling process, the study subjects were chosen. A two-hour oral glucose tolerance test of 75 g was used to conduct the universal one-step screening and diagnostic technique. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with gestational diabetes mellitus. Results. Gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence was 26.2% (95% CI, 21.8, 30.5). Urban residents (AOR: 2.181; 95% CI: 1.274, 3.733), primary education (AOR:2.286; 95% CI: 1.396, 3.745), without previous history of abortion (AOR: 0.097; 95% CI: 0.048, 0.196), with history of late gestational age in weeks (29-32) (AOR: 0.393; 95% CI: 0.213, 0.723), with no history of coffee drinking (AOR: 2.704; 95% CI: 1.044, 7.006), and adequate dietary diversity (AOR: 2.740; 95% CI: 1.585, 4.739) were significantly associated with gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusion. In Hadiya Zone public Hospitals, the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus among women attending antenatal treatment was higher compared to other studies conducted. The urban residents, primary schooling, no prior history of abortion, late gestational age, no history of coffee drinking, and sufficient dietary diversity were significantly linked with gestational diabetes mellitus. To enhance maternal and child health, reinforcing screening, treatment, and prevention strategies for gestational diabetes mellitus is essential.

Consumption of Coffee and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

“…In this stage, 10 articles were omitted because of the following reasons: irrelevant articles ( n = 9) and consideration of both tea and coffee as exposure ( n = 1). Finally, seven epidemiologic studies possessed eligibility to this study ( 18 – 23 , 30 ).…”

“…The brief information of each selected study has been described in Table 1 . Three cohort studies ( 18 , 19 , 30 ), two case-control studies ( 20 , 22 ), and two cross-sectional studies ( 21 , 23 ) were imported to meta-analysis. The studies were published between 2007 and 2021, and these were conducted in the US ( 18 ), Denmark ( 19 ), Indonesia ( 22 ), Oman ( 20 ), Spain ( 21 ), Malaysia ( 30 ), and Ethiopia ( 23 ).…”

“…A total of 75,607 pregnant women participated, 1,625 of whom were diagnosed with GDM. Three studies used a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) ( 18 , 21 , 30 ), one 24-h food recall ( 23 ), and others used a dietary questionnaire ( 19 , 20 , 22 ). The method of GDM diagnosis was oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for four studies ( 18 , 21 , 23 , 30 ) and medical records ( 22 ) or questionnaire ( 19 , 20 ) for the others.…”

“…Three studies used a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) ( 18 , 21 , 30 ), one 24-h food recall ( 23 ), and others used a dietary questionnaire ( 19 , 20 , 22 ). The method of GDM diagnosis was oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for four studies ( 18 , 21 , 23 , 30 ) and medical records ( 22 ) or questionnaire ( 19 , 20 ) for the others. Four studies controlled the covariates ( 18 , 19 , 23 , 30 ), and others did not adjust.…”

“…A double-blind, randomized crossover study indicated that acute caffeine ingestion impairs insulin sensitivity in women with GDM ( 17 ). Furthermore, some observational studies displayed no relationship between intake of coffee and GDM ( 18 – 21 ), while two studies showed inverse associations ( 22 , 23 ).…”