Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anxious and Depressive Symptoms in First-trimester Females and Their Partners: a study in the post-pandemic era of COVID-19 in China

Abstract

Background: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 lastingly affects public mental health. Many studies have described symptoms of anxiety and depression in pregnant women during the pandemic. However, limited study focuses on the prevalence and risk factors of mood symptoms among females and their partners during early pregnancy in the post-pandemic era in China, which was the aim of the study and could promote clinical attention and suggest possible directions for intervention. Methods: One hundred and sixty-nine first-trimester couples were enrolled. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item, Family Assessment Device-General Functioning (FAD-GF), and Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) were applied. Data were mainly analyzed through the binominal logistic regression analysis. Results: 17.8% and 5.9% of first-trimester females had depressive and anxious symptoms, respectively. Among partners, 12.4% and 9.5% had depressive and anxious symptoms, respectively. In females, higher scores of FAD-GF (OR= 5.461 and 14.759; P< 0.05) and lower scores of Q-LES-Q-SF (OR= 0.830 and 0.715; P< 0.01) were related to the risk of depressive and anxious symptoms. A history of smoking and higher scores of FAD-GF were associated with the risk of depressive and anxious symptoms in partners (OR = 4.906 and 6.885; P< 0.05). Conclusions: This study prompted still prominent mood symptoms in the post-pandemic era. Family functioning, quality of life, or a smoking history increased risks of mood symptoms among early pregnant families, which might facilitate the updating of medical intervention. However, the current study did not further explore interventions based on these findings.