Prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Qashqai migrating nomads, southern Iran

Mostaghni, Ahmad; Mehrabani, Davood; Khademolhosseini, Farnaz; Masoumi, Seyed Jalil; Moradi, Fariba; Zare, Najaf; Saberifiroozi, Mehdi

doi:10.3748/wjg.15.961

Cited by 31 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Although smoking has been associated with increased frequency of acid reflux, its contribution to GERD and FD is still a matter of investigation because acid exposure accounts for only 4% of the variation in GERD symptoms [27,28]. Findings on the association between smoking and upper GI disorders are inconsistent [7,29,30,31,32,33,34,35]. Some epidemiological studies have suggested tobacco smoking as a risk factor for GERD and FD [22,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier studies have introduced smoking, among other unhealthy lifestyle factors, as a major contributing factor to upper GI disorders [7,17,18,19]. Some studies have suggested that the most important risk factor for GERD in Western countries is tobacco smoking [18,20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Asia, the reported prevalence of GERD varies, but generally is about 2.3-6.2% [6]. In Iran, the prevalence of GERD and dyspepsia is about 8.3 and 7.7%, respectively [7,8,9,10,11,12]. It has been shown that upper GI disorders have negative effects on health-related quality of life, are associated with great costs for the patient and society, and can increase the risk of esophageal cancer [13,14,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Smoking Status and Prevalence of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Esmaillzadeh¹,

Keshteli

Tabesh³

et al. 2014

Digestion

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Background: Lifestyle and environmental factors affecting upper gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are different in developing countries than those in developed nations. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between smoking status and upper GI disorders among a large group of the Iranian adult population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,933 adult men in Isfahan, Iran. Smoking status was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Required information on GI health was collected through the use of the validated ROME III questionnaire. Individuals who reported having heartburn sometimes, often, or always in the last 3 months were considered as having epidemiologic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and those who reported having heartburn often or always were considered as having clinical GERD. Subjects who reported having functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms (based on the ROME III criteria) sometimes, often, or always in the last 3 months were considered as having epidemiologic FD, and those who reported having these disorders often or always were considered as having clinical FD. Results: Smoking was prevalent among 7.8% of the study population. FD and GERD was prevalent among 12.6% (n = 244) and 22.3% (n = 432), respectively. Smoking was not associated with GERD by either the epidemiologic or clinical definition. Although the association between smoking and FD (epidemiologic definition) was not statistically significant, smokers had an 83% higher risk of suffering from clinical FD compared with nonsmokers after taking potential confounders into account [odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.12-3.00; p = 0.01]. Smokers had a 57% higher risk for epidemiologic postprandial fullness (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.05-2.33; p = 0.02) and a 92% higher risk for clinical epigastric pain compared with nonsmokers (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.02-3.62; p = 0.04). We found no significant association between smoking and severity of upper GI disorders. Conclusion: This large population-based study indicated that smoking was not associated with GERD and epidemiologic FD. However, smoking was significantly associated with clinical FD, postprandial fullness, and epigastric pain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Smoking Status and Prevalence of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Esmaillzadeh¹,

Keshteli

Tabesh³

et al. 2014

Digestion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is one of the highest values from the Far East countries (10). On the other hand, in a study conducted on the Qashqai area of Iran, the rate of patients having reflux episode once a week during the last year was found to be 33%, and it was specified that this value increased with age (11). The authors explained that the reason for this higher value in nomads than in settled people was the fact that nomads had different socioeconomic features educational status, and lifestyles.…”

Section: Turk J Gastroenterol 2017; 28(suppl 1): S4-s9mentioning

confidence: 99%

How is the gastroesophageal reflux disease prevalence, incidence, and frequency of complications (stricture/esophagitis/Barrett’s esophagus/ carcinoma) in Turkey compared to other geographical regions globally?

Bor

Yüksel

2017

Turk J Gastroenterol

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Although many studies are conducted on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its complications, the questionnaires and reflux definitions used in the studies are different. Mayo, GERD-Q, DIGEST-Q, RDQ, and various other questionnaires that were created and have been used in the studies. The GERD definition that is mostly accepted around the world is the presence of the complaints of heartburn and/or regurgitation at least once a week. However, many different definitions, such as the presence of heartburn and/or regurgitation at least twice a week or at least once a year (if once a week, "frequent"; if once a year, "rare") and the presence of heartburn and/or regurgitation without considering the frequency and severity, were all used in the studies. Therefore, it is quite difficult to obtain a single datum by collecting these studies. However, studies including all questionnaires and reflux definitions were considered while collecting this data.Another problem encountered while performing epidemiological scanning of GERD is that when the world was separated into two parts as the East and the West, some countries that were different from each other were included in the same group (such as Iran-China and Germany-Brazil). Even though continents are considered for this separation, countries that do not resemble each other from any perspective, such as Iran and China, were included in the same group. Therefore, groups must be formed according to the higher number of ethnic distributions. There are also regional epidemiological differences even in the same country. Moreover, there is no term equivalent to heartburn and regurgitation in some Eastern languages.Turkey is geographically located in the middle of the Eastern and Western countries and the epidemiology of GERD and its complications is similar to both geographical groups (Figure 1). In the Eastern countries, the prevalence of GERD is lower and regurgitation is predominant. On the other hand, in the Western countries, the prevalence of GERD is higher and heartburn is predominant. Considering the complications, erosive esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and associated esophageal adenocarcinoma are seen in the Western countries more commonly.In GERD epidemiological studies performed in Turkey, the Mayo questionnaire was mostly used (1, 2). The GERD-Q form was used in one study (3). The studies in which the Mayo questionnaire was used, found the prevalence of GERD as 20% (1), 19.3% (2), 12.5% (4), and 22.8% (5,6), respectively. In the study using the other question form, the prevalence of GERD was 24.7% (3). When 5 studies were evaluated cumulatively, the prevalence was calculated to be 23%. It was observed that regurgitation was predominant in all of the studies. In the cumulative evaluation, the rate of prevalence was 23% for regurgitation and 19% for heartburn.While the date of the publications on the epidemiology of GERD goes back to the 2000s in the countries to the east of Turkey, the first articles on this subject were written in 1990s in the Western cou...

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“…Recent studies show that the prevalence of GERD has increased up to 2 to 6 times in the last two decades (5). Research has shown that the prevalence of this disease in Iran is about 15%, which is higher than the average amount in Asia (7)(8)(9). Typical GERD symptoms include an uncomfortable sensation of heartburn under the sternum or regurgitation of gastric contents (1,10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%