Prevalence and risk factors of perinatal depression among women in rural Bihar: A community-based cross-sectional study

Raghavan, Venkatesh; Khan, Homam A.; Seshu, Uttara; Prakash, Surya; Durairaj, Jothilakshmai; Aarthi, G; Sangeetha, C. G.; John, Sujit; Rangaswamy, Thara

doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102552

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This has been reported by many other studies as well. A community-based cross-sectional study reported an eightfold increase in perinatal depression in mothers having physical illnesses [ 19 ]. Mothers with chronic medical ailments were reported two times more likely to develop antenatal depression [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antenatal depression is highly associated with several sociodemographic and obstetric variables. Unplanned pregnancy; strained relationships with in-laws; physical illness [ 17 ]; history of abortions; preference for male gender [ 18 , 19 ]; alcoholism in a spouse; low education status of women [ 20 ]; multiple births; younger maternal age [ 10 ]; unplanned pregnancy family discord [ 12 ]; late pregnancy and lower or middle socioeconomic status [ 21 ]; poor/satisfactory relationship with spouse, siblings, or in-laws [ 22 ]; domestic violence; worry over the pregnancy; and history of traumatic experiences [ 23 ] were all significant predictors of depression in pregnant women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Antenatal Depression among Pregnant Women Attending Tertiary Care Hospitals in South India

Prabhu

Guruvare

George

et al. 2022

Depression Research and Treatment

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Background. Antenatal depression (AND) is a common mood disorder that affects both the mother and the child. Objective. The current study is aimed at identifying the prevalence of antenatal depression and the risk factors associated with it in South Indian pregnant women. Materials and Methods. The current study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital where pregnancy and postnatal care are offered. In the study, 314 pregnant women who visited the antenatal clinic for their prenatal checkups were included. To diagnose possible depression, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used. The chi-square test was applied to determine the association between antenatal depression and various socioeconomic, obstetric, and medical factors. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant confounding variables. Results. Of the total 314 women, 69 (21.98%) were suffering from possible depression with the mean EPDS score being 10.61 ± 7.48 . Women of younger age had greater risks for depression than older women ( AOR = 2.01 ; 95% CI: 0.56-7.20). Maternal age ( χ 2 = 0.013 , p = 0.009 ) and the presence of health issues during the current pregnancy ( χ 2 = 5.18 , p = 0.023 ) were the factors significantly associated with antenatal depression. Conclusions. Clinical efforts should focus on screening antenatal depression, early identification, and effective care, thus preventing progression to postpartum depression and its detrimental effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Antenatal Depression among Pregnant Women Attending Tertiary Care Hospitals in South India

Prabhu

Guruvare

George

et al. 2022

Depression Research and Treatment

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“…[ 3 17 18 19 ] There is scarcity of evidence from community-based study on burden of CMDs among pregnant women in India. 20 Hence, we conducted present study with the objective to assess the burden of CMDs among pregnant women in rural Haryana, North India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Common Mental Disorders among pregnant women—Evidence from population-based study in rural Haryana, India

Jha

Salve

Goswami

et al. 2021

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

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Background: Mental disorders during pregnancy is one of the major public health problem because of its effect on both mother and child. Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the burden of common mental disorders (CMDs) among pregnant women in rural Haryana, North India. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 28 villages of rural Haryana in 2016. Pregnant women in the study area with period of gestation 25–34 weeks were enrolled and assessed for presence of CMDs in two phases. Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders—Patient Health Questionnaire was used for screening and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for diagnosis of CMDs. Results: A total of 457 pregnant women were included in the study. Mean age of pregnant women was 23.9 years (SD- 3.9). Prevalence of CMDs was 15.3% (95% CI, 12.0–18.6). Of these, major depression was 2.8% (95% CI, 1.4– 4.4), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder was 15.1% (95% CI, 11.8–18.4) as per MINI. On multivariate analysis, no statistically significant association was found between CMDs during pregnancy with any obstetric, sociodemographic determinants, and child health outcomes. Conclusion: High prevalence of CMDs, especially anxiety, observed among pregnant women in rural area necessitates the need for integration of screening of CMDs during routine antenatal care in India.

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“…Recent research suggests that the rates of perinatal depression, anxiety and suicidality are higher in LMICs, as compared to countries in the West (9)(10)(11). Possible explanations for these high rates are greater stigma attached to mental health care and a lack of awareness about perinatal mental health among practitioners and mothers, which subsequently impacts prevention and treatment of mental health concerns (12,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, poor relations with in-laws and partners can have the opposite effect and induce omnipresent stress ( 10 , 40 ). For instance, in a cross-sectional study in Bihar, an Indian state, ill-treatment by in-laws was a predictor of antenatal depression ( 9 ). On the other hand, living in a nuclear family setting as compared to a more traditional extended household can also be a risk factor for poor antenatal mental health in urban India ( 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sense of Coherence, Social Support, Maternal-Fetal Attachment, and Antenatal Mental Health: A Survey of Expecting Mothers in Urban India

Pasricha

Kochhar

Shah

et al. 2021

Front. Glob. Womens Health

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Introduction: Pregnancy is associated with psychological, physiological and social shifts, and can be a vulnerable time in a woman's life. Despite a growing understanding of the importance of antenatal mental health, there is a paucity of research on psychosocial factors relevant to this phase, especially in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations of expecting mothers' sense of coherence, perceived social support, and maternal-fetal attachment with mental health outcomes.Method: Participants (N = 122) were nulliparous expectant mothers residing in urban India. Cross-sectional data was collected using an online questionnaire.Results: Participant reports of perceived social support and sense of coherence were negatively correlated with symptoms of antenatal depression, while reports of maternal-fetal attachment, sense of coherence, and social support were positively associated with antenatal well-being. In a multilinear regression model, perceived social support and sense of coherence uniquely contributed to symptoms of antenatal depression, while maternal-fetal attachment and sense of coherence uniquely contributed to antenatal well-being.Discussion: The findings of this study highlight the role of perceived social support, sense of coherence and maternal-fetal attachment in contributing to expecting mothers' mental health and well-being in urban India. These findings have implications for clinical practice and research, intending to the subjective experiences of pregnant women to improve antenatal mental health. Future research investigating these psychosocial factors using longitudinal designs is warranted and would help clinicians and practitioners identify women at risk for perinatal mental health concerns.

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Prevalence and risk factors of perinatal depression among women in rural Bihar: A community-based cross-sectional study

Abstract: Highlights Estimated prevalence of perinatal depression in rural Bihar, India was 23.9%. Perinatal depression is associated with mother’s physical illness and previous abortions. Poor financial status and ill-treatment by in-laws predicted perinatal depression.

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Antenatal Depression among Pregnant Women Attending Tertiary Care Hospitals in South India

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Antenatal Depression among Pregnant Women Attending Tertiary Care Hospitals in South India

Prevalence of Common Mental Disorders among pregnant women—Evidence from population-based study in rural Haryana, India

Sense of Coherence, Social Support, Maternal-Fetal Attachment, and Antenatal Mental Health: A Survey of Expecting Mothers in Urban India

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