Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant Nigerians infected with HIV

Ezechi, Oliver; Gab-Okafor, Chidinma V; Oladele, David; Kalejaiye, Olufunto Olufela; Oke, B.O.; Ekama, Sabdat O.; Audu, Rosemary; Okoye, Rosemary N.; Ujah, I. A. O.

doi:10.3109/14767058.2012.733782

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Ezechi et al in their study on the risk factors for ASB in HIV-positive pregnant women also had similar fi ndings in their study population of pregnant women. Furthermore, they found high viral load, low hemoglobin, and previous UTI to be associated with ASB [16]. We, however, did not explore these parameters in our study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

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Detection of bacteriuria among human immunodeficiency virus seropositive individuals in Osogbo, south-western Nigeria

Olowe¹,

Ojo-Johnson²,

Makanjuola³

et al. 2015

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

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Human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals are at increased risk of both asymptomatic and symptomatic urinary tract infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in HIV-positive individuals, its associated factors including any correlation with the CD4 count of the patient, and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolated organisms. Midstream urine and blood samples were collected from 242 consenting HIV-positive patients who were attending routine follow-up clinic during the six-month period of the study. Microscopy, culture, and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the samples were carried out following standard protocols, and CD4 counts were also determined. Fifty one (21.1%) of the 242 individuals had significant bacteriuria. The predominant organism was Klebsiella spp. (35%) followed by Escherichia coli (31%). Prevalence of bacteriuria was higher in the women. Low CD4 counts and young age were significantly associated with the presence of bacteriuria. ASB prevalence is high in this population and related to the CD4 count level.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…Only a few studies such as that by Ojoo et al have recorded such high prevalence as ours [15]. Another study in this environment also reported a high prevalence of 18% among HIV-positive pregnant women [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Detection of bacteriuria among human immunodeficiency virus seropositive individuals in Osogbo, south-western Nigeria

Olowe¹,

Ojo-Johnson²,

Makanjuola³

et al. 2015

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Poor socioeconomic status is reported to be a major risk factor with indigent patients having a fivefold increased risk [15]. Other risk factors include increased age, high parity, poor perineal hygiene, history of recurrent UTI, diabetes mellitus, anatomic or functional urinary tract abnormality, and increased frequency of sexual activity [16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary pathogenic bacterial profile, antibiogram of isolates and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Ambo town, Central Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Gessese

Damessa²,

Amare

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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BackgroundUrinary tract infection (UTI) is a well-known bacterial infection posing serious health problem in pregnant women. A study was conducted in pregnant women with the objectives of estimating prevalence of UTI, determining antibiogram of the bacterial isolates and assessment of the potential risk factors associated with UTI.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was used to collect 300 mid-stream urine samples from pregnant women from March 2016 to December, 2016. Samples were inoculated into Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient medium (CLED). Colonies from CLED were subcultured onto MacConkey and Blood agar plates. A standard agar disc diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. Chi-square (X 2 ) test & logistic regression were used to show associations between UTI and explanatory variables & identify the predictors of UTI, respectively.ResultsThe age of pregnant women enrolled in this study ranges from 16 to 46 years (mean ± standard deviation = 25 ± 4.7 years).The overall prevalence of UTI in pregnant women was 18.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.4–23.54%).The prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic UTI was 20.4% (95% CI: 13.09–29.46%) and 17.8% (95% CI: 12.70–23.83%) respectively. The predominant bacteria identified were E. coli (46.4%), S. aureus (14.3%), coagulase negative Staphylococci [CoNS] (14.3%) and Proteus species (10.6%). Majority of Gram-negative bacteria isolates were resistant to ampicillin (70%), ceftriaxon (66%), gentamicin (68%) and nitrofurantoin (64%) while 75–100% of the Gram positive isolates were resistance to ampicillin. Multiple drug resistance was observed in all of the isolates. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that the odds of acquiring UTI was 4.78 times higher in pregnant women earning monthly income of ≤500 Ethiopian Birr (21.18 USD) as compared to those earning monthly income >2001 Ethiopian Birr [84.79 USD] (P = 0.046). Similarly, the risk of UTI was higher in those who eat raw meat (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.09, 3.83, P = 0.026) and had previous UTI history (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.15–4.56, P = 0.019) as compared to those who eat cooked meat and had no previous history of UTI.ConclusionsThe prevalence & antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens was high. Health education, continuous surveillance of UTI and their antimicrobial resistance pattern are essential to reduce the consequence of symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria and multi-drug resistant bacteria in pregnant women.

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“…The prevalence of ASB or UTI is influenced by several factors like socio-economic status of patients, increased maternal age, high parity, poor perineal hygiene, sexual activity, anatomic /functional urinary tract abnormality, history of recurrent UTIs, diabetes mellitus, etc as reported by investigators [4,[15][16][17]. The prevalence and epidemiological distribution of ASB uropathogens varies geographically; like in Ethiopia it is between 7% to 18.8% [12,[18][19] and a lower prevalence rate of 3.6% in Sri Lanka [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic Uropathogenic Bacteriuria Among Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women at St Luke’s Hospital Anua, Offot Ukwa District Uyo: A Reassessment Case-Control Approach

Akpan¹

2019

AJLM

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Asymptomatic bacteriuria is the presence of multiplying bacteria in the absence of any symptoms. The relevance of ASB lies in the insight it provides into symptomatic infections. Physiological and anatomical alterations during pregnancy make women more predisposed to urinary tract infection. This study seeks to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and bacteria profile among pregnant and non-pregnant women. A total of 230 pregnant women and 100 age-matched non-pregnant women were recruited. All pregnant women were recruited from individuals attending antenatal clinic and the controls recruited within the same hospital. Clean catch mid-stream urines ample was collected and microbial analysis done immediately. Significant ASB was identified and antibiotic sensitivity determined by conventional protocols. The overall prevalence of ASB in this study was 29.1% and 15% among pregnant and non-pregnant women respectively. The mean age was 25.3±5.2 and 24.2±5.6years for pregnant and non-pregnant women. Based on their parity among pregnant women, 112 (48.7%), 61(26.5%) and 57 (24.8%) were nulliparous, monoparous and multiparous respectively. Also, 37(16.1%), 70(30.4%) and 123(53.5%) of the pregnant women were in the 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd trimester. Sixty-seven (29.1%), 125 (54.3%) and 37 (16.1%) pregnant subjects were housewives, self-employed and civil servants in their occupation. Trimester was a risk factor for asymptomatic bacteriuria in the 2 nd and 3 rd trimester. There was association between age, parity, trimester and ASB. The most common isolate in this study was Escherichia coli (28.4%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (23.9%). The Escherichia coli and other uropathogens isolates were multiple drug sensitive between 50-100%. Previous bacteriuria treatment seeking pattern among the pregnant women was 138(60%), 42(18.3%), 32(13.9%) and 1(0.4%) for individuals who had sought treatments in hospitals, patent drug dealers (chemists), multi-centres and traditionally respectively. It is recommended that routine urine culture screening be conducted for all pregnant women at least in the second and third trimesters and positive ASB promptly treated.

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Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant Nigerians infected with HIV

Abstract: ASB is common in HIV positive pregnant women in our environment and is associated with previous UTI, high viral load, low CD4 count and maternal hemoglobin <11 g/dl.

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Detection of bacteriuria among human immunodeficiency virus seropositive individuals in Osogbo, south-western Nigeria

Detection of bacteriuria among human immunodeficiency virus seropositive individuals in Osogbo, south-western Nigeria

Urinary pathogenic bacterial profile, antibiogram of isolates and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Ambo town, Central Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Asymptomatic Uropathogenic Bacteriuria Among Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women at St Luke’s Hospital Anua, Offot Ukwa District Uyo: A Reassessment Case-Control Approach

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