Prevalence and risk factors of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress symptoms

Modarres, M.; Afrasiabi, Sedigheh; Rahnama, Parvin; Montazeri, Ali

doi:10.1186/1471-2393-12-88

Cited by 154 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Psychosocial variables included elevated symptoms of depression at 32 weeks of pregnancy (Myers et al 2013; O'Hara and McCabe 2013) (EPDS ≥13); elevated anxiety symptoms at 32 weeks of pregnancy (Heron et al 2004) (CCEI ≥9); history of alcoholism or drug addiction (Bystrova et al 2009) (recent, past, never); smoking in pregnancy (Myers et al 2013) (yes vs. no); self-reported history of a psychiatric diagnosis (Myers et al 2013; O'Hara and McCabe 2013) (yes vs. no); level of social network (Myers et al 2013; O'Hara and McCabe 2013) measured by scoring quantitative measures of connectedness with friends and family using the median value cutoff (<24 vs. ≥24) (Weisman et al 2010); stressful life events in childhood using the median value cutoff (Golding et al 2009) (>3 events vs. 0–3 events); and recent stressful life events at 18 weeks of pregnancy using the median value cutoff (Golding et al 2009; O'Hara and McCabe 2013) (>3 events vs. 0–3 events). We also examined potential covariates related to reproductive and medical health including parity (Myers et al 2013) (0 vs. ≥1), consumption in pregnancy of fish high in omega-3 (Golding et al 2009) (yes vs. no), and method of infant feeding (Dennis and McQueen 2009) (not exclusive vs. exclusive breastfeeding) during the first month after birth for symptoms of depression and anxiety at 2 months and during the first 6 months after birth for symptoms of depression and anxiety at 8 months (Modarres et al 2012). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childbirth and symptoms of postpartum depression and anxiety: a prospective birth cohort study

Bell

Carter

Davis

et al. 2015

Arch Womens Ment Health

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We investigated associations between aspects of childbirth and elevated postpartum symptoms of depression and anxiety. We employed secondary analysis of perinatal data (N=4657–4946) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort. Multivariable logistic regression models (adjusted for covariates) examined predictors of elevated symptoms of postpartum depression and anxiety. Predictors included the following: type of delivery (normal physiological vs. interventive non-physiological), immediate postpartum complications, and maternal perception of the recent birth experience. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale assessed elevated symptoms of depression (score≥13), and the Crown-Crisp Experiential Index assessed elevated symptoms of anxiety (score≥9) at 2 and 8 months after delivery. A more negative perception of the recent birth experience was associated with elevated symptoms of anxiety at 2 months [odds ratio (OR) 1.52, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.25–1.85] and 8 months (OR 1.30, 95 % CI 1.06–1.60) postpartum but was not associated with elevated symptoms of depression at either time point. Type of delivery (physiological vs. non-physiological) and immediate postpartum complications were not associated with elevated symptoms of depression or anxiety. Our findings suggest that improving women's childbirth experience may decrease the likelihood of postpartum anxiety, but not postpartum depression.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childbirth and symptoms of postpartum depression and anxiety: a prospective birth cohort study

Bell

Carter

Davis

et al. 2015

Arch Womens Ment Health

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“…In other words, the longer the duration of the adverse event is, the lower the PTC becomes. In a study by Modarres et al, PTC and post stress disorders were found to be high in those who had trauma stories in the past [12]. It is of great importance that such women become pregnant after the traumas are healed as it is important for maternal and newborn health [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A perception of traumatic childbirth (PTC) can occur not only in individuals with birth experience but also in those at different times of life, such as childhood and adolescence [11,12]. When it is evaluated according to life periods and gender in details, it is observed that a perception of traumatic childbirth is most often seen in women at the age of reproduction [8,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multigravidas' perceptions of traumatic childbirth: Its relation to some factors, the effect of previous type of birth and experience

Aktaş¹

2018

Med-Science

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To investigate the relationship between multigravidas' perceptions of traumatic childbirth (PTC) and their socio-demographic characteristics and the effect of their previous types of birth and experiences on PTC. This descriptive study was conducted in a state hospital in Northern Turkey. The universe of the study consisted of multigravidas. The sample of the study comprised 161 pregnant women determined with G power analysis. The data were collected using the "Pregnant Introductory Information Form" and "Perception of Traumatic Childbirth Scale". The age, gestational week and the number of pregnancy of the participants were 28.27 ± 5.13, 30.45 ± 7.71 and 1.94 ± 1.07 respectively. The average PTC score was 70.57 ± 21.89. 1.9%, 28.6%i 39.1% and 23.6% of the pregnant women perceived their birth as "very low", "low", "moderate" and as "high" traumatic respectively. There was a negative correlation between the average PTC score and the gestational age, the number of pregnancies and the duration of the adverse events and positive correlation between the average PTC score and the number of hospital visits during pregnancy (p <0.05). Compared with those who had cesarean section and no intervention, PTC score was higher in those who had a previous vaginal delivery and interventions. The average PTC score of those planning to give vaginal delivery was higher than those planning cesarean birth (p <0.05). The women who had a chronic disease before pregnancy (p<0.05) and those who had a vaginal birth with only a midwife and were satisfied with her communication had lower PTC scores (p> 0.05). Six out of every 10 pregnant women perceived their delivery traumatic at a moderate / high level. PTC was higher in those having vaginal birth and an intervention previously and planning a vaginal birth again. The early identification of the risk of PTC before pregnancy or early pregnancy and taking precautions are recommended.

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“…Furthermore, traumatic delivery experiences are thought to increase risk for postpartum PTSD (Ayers and Pickering 2001; Modarres et al 2012; O'Donovan et al 2014). Table II and Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood sexual abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder among pregnant and postpartum women: review of the literature

Wosu

Gelaye

Williams

2014

Arch Womens Ment Health

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Purpose The aims of this review are i) to summarize and evaluate current knowledge on the association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in pregnant and postpartum women, ii) to provide suggestions for future research on this topic, and iii) to highlight some clinical implications. Methods Relevant publications were identified through literature searches of four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PsycARTICLES) using keywords such as “child abuse,” “posttraumatic stress,” “pregnancy” and “postpartum”. Results Five studies were included in this review. Findings across all studies were consistent with higher prevalence of PTSD diagnosis or symptomatology among women with history of CSA. However, only findings from two studies were statistically significant. One study observed higher overall PTSD scores in women with CSA history compared to women with non-CSA trauma history or no trauma history during pregnancy (mean±SD 1.47 (0.51) vs. 1.33 (0.41) vs. 1.22 (0.29), p<0.001), at 2 months postpartum (mean±SD 1.43 (0.49) vs. 1.26 (0.38) vs. 1.19 (0.35), p<0.001), and at 6 months postpartum (mean±SD 1.36 (1.43) vs. 1.20 (0.33) vs. 1.14 (0.27), p<0.001). Another study observed that the prevalence of PTSD during pregnancy was 4.1 % in women with no history of physical or sexual abuse, 11.4 % in women with adult physical or sexual abuse history, 16.0 % in women with childhood physical or sexual abuse history, and 39.0 % in women exposed to both childhood and adult physical or sexual abuse (p<0.001); in a subsequent analysis, the investigators reported that pregnant women with PTSD had over 5-fold odds of having a history of childhood completed rape compared to counterparts without PTSD (OR = 5.3, 95 % CI 3.2, 8.7). Conclusions Overall, available evidence suggests positive associations of CSA with clinical PTSD or PTSD symptomatology among pregnant and postpartum women.

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Prevalence and risk factors of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress symptoms

Cited by 154 publications

References 28 publications

Childbirth and symptoms of postpartum depression and anxiety: a prospective birth cohort study

Childbirth and symptoms of postpartum depression and anxiety: a prospective birth cohort study

Multigravidas' perceptions of traumatic childbirth: Its relation to some factors, the effect of previous type of birth and experience

Childhood sexual abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder among pregnant and postpartum women: review of the literature

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