Prevalence and risk factors of bovine mastitis in Ambo town of West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of mastitis in dairy cows from November, 2012 to July, 2013 in Ambo town of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State. Thorough clinical examination was made on all lactating cows for evidence of signs of clinical mastitis followed by collection of milk sample for examination of gross changes of milk secretion and screening using California Mastitis Test (CMT). Mastitis was categorized as clinical if lactating cows exhibited clinical features of mastitis, or subclinical based on degree of coagulation up on examination using CMT. A total of 151 dairy cows were selected from all volunteer dairy farms in Ambo town of West Shewa Zone of Oromia region state. Sixty three (41.7%) cows had mastitis, of which 9.9% (15/151) were clinical and 31.8% (48/151) were subclinical mastitis cases. The quarter level prevalence was 44.4% (268/604), comprising 9.3% (56/604) clinical and 31.8% (198/604) subclinical forms of mastitis. In addition, 5.5% (33/604) of teats were found to be blind up on clinical examination of udder and teat. The Chi-square (χ 2) analysis of intrinsic risk factors revealed significantly (P<0.05) higher prevalence of mastitis in crossbred cattle (47.2%) than indigenous (15.4%), in cattle above 7 years (75%) than less than 2-6 years of age (28%) and cows given more than 4 calves (81.3%) than those with less than 4 calves (31.1%) irrespective to their lactation stage. There was also significantly (P<0.05) higher mastitis prevalence in larger (46.6%) than smaller herds (24.2%) and among the farming systems in semi-intensive (47.1%) and intensive (42.3%) than extensive (8.1%) management system. The present study indicated higher prevalence of mastitis linked with several risk factors. Thus, early diagnosis and regular screening of cows for subclinical mastitis together with treatment of clinical cases are of paramount importance. Moreover, control and prevention strategies should be designed and implemented 124 Getachew Kebebew et al.,

Prevalence, risk factors and bacterial causes of bovine mastitis in southern Ethiopia

“…In the present study, higher prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) (48.1%) was observed compared to the clinical form (6.1%), a finding that is in line with previous studies (Debele, 2010;Moges et al, 2011;Abebe et al, 2016;Kebebew and Jorga, 2016). Risk factors including higher number of parity, history of mastitis in preceding lactation, flat or round teat end shapes in cows, and cow dirtiness were the likely attributable factors to the observed high prevalence of SCM.…”

Study on Prevalence of Bovine Mastitis and Associated Risk Factors in Dairy Farms of Modjo Town and Suburbs, Central Oromia, Ethiopia

“…In addition, the farms were categorized into small, medium, and large-scale dairy farms based on the dairy cows in the farm. The study animals were classified as young (3-6 years), adult (6)(7)(8)(9), and old (>9) based on their dentition. 29…”

“…Local milk production fails to meet the milk requirements of the country because of low inputs and common cattle health conditions. [4][5][6][7] The growth of the Ethiopian dairy sector will dramatically reduce poverty and nutrition in the region. Nevertheless, in many African countries, this consumer-orientated milk processing, a fast-growing system, is subject to intensification diseases like mastitis and reproductive disorders.…”

“…Bovine mastitis leads to a decrease in milk production, increases culling rate, incurs medical costs, and often leads to severe deaths from infections. 3,6,10 Mastitis is of extreme zoonotic importance since the milk is unsafe for human consumption. This is due to the risk of bacterial contamination of the milk from infected cows.…”

“…The prevalent and infectious bacteria identified in different trials were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Corynebacterium bovis, and Mycoplasma species. 6,9,12,[18][19][20][21][22] They spread mainly during milking between cows and appear to develop chronic subclinical infections with outbreaks of clinical incidents. Environmental mastitis can be generally identified as an infection of the mammary glands (E. coli, Klebsiella species, Strep.…”