Prevalence and risk factors of Parkinson's disease in retired Thai traditional boxers

Lolekha, Praween; Phanthumchinda, Kammant; Bhidayasiri, Roongroj

doi:10.1002/mds.23210

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Some in-person clinical assessment studies have been conducted with8 10 17 18 21–24 26–28 32 33 and without7 19 34–37 neuroimaging. There are also studies that begin with a survey and then have a follow-up in-person assessment 38. A number of cross-sectional studies have identified decrements on objective neuropsychological testing7 8 24 37 and subjectively experienced cognitive difficulties on self-report measures6 20 in former athletes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of potential long-term effects of sport-related concussion

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveSystematic review of possible long-term effects of sports-related concussion in retired athletes.Data sourcesTen electronic databases.Study selectionOriginal research; incidence, risk factors or causation related to long-term mental health or neurological problems; individuals who have suffered a concussion; retired athletes as the subjects and possible long-term sequelae defined as >10 years after the injury.Data extractionStudy population, exposure/outcome measures, clinical data, neurological examination findings, cognitive assessment, neuroimaging findings and neuropathology results. Risk of bias and level of evidence were evaluated by two authors.ResultsFollowing review of 3819 studies, 47 met inclusion criteria. Some former athletes have depression and cognitive deficits later in life, and there is an association between these deficits and multiple prior concussions. Former athletes are not at increased risk for death by suicide (two studies). Former high school American football players do not appear to be at increased risk for later life neurodegenerative diseases (two studies). Some retired professional American football players may be at increased risk for diminishment in cognitive functioning or mild cognitive impairment (several studies), and neurodegenerative diseases (one study). Neuroimaging studies show modest evidence of macrostructural, microstructural, functional and neurochemical changes in some athletes.ConclusionMultiple concussions appear to be a risk factor for cognitive impairment and mental health problems in some individuals. More research is needed to better understand the prevalence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy and other neurological conditions and diseases, and the extent to which they are related to concussions and/or repetitive neurotrauma sustained in sports.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of potential long-term effects of sport-related concussion

et al. 2017

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“…These articles assessed the risk of Parkinson’s disease among retired Thai traditional boxers, 46 depression and dementia among retired football players, 32, 33 ALS or chronic encephalopathy among soccer players, 13, 39 and chronic TBI in boxers. 38 Only two of the articles 32, 33 that directly evaluated TBI in sports met strict inclusion criteria for this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of traumatic brain injury with subsequent neurological and psychiatric disease: a meta-analysis

Perry¹,

Sturm²,

Peterson

et al. 2016

JNS

312

227

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Object Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been proposed as a risk factor for development of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression, and other illnesses. This study’s objective was to determine the association of prior mild TBI with subsequent diagnosis (i.e., at least one year post-injury) of neurologic or psychiatric disease. Methods All studies from 1995–2012 reporting TBI as a risk factor for diagnoses of interest were identified by searching PubMed, study references, and review articles. Reviewers abstracted the data and assessed study design and characteristics. Results 57 studies met inclusion criteria. A random effects meta-analysis revealed a significant association of prior TBI with subsequent neurologic and psychiatric diagnosis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for TBI on development of any illness was 1.67 (95% CI 1.44–1.93, p<.001). Prior TBI was independently associated with both neurologic [OR 1.55 (95% CI 1.31–1.83, p<.001)] and psychiatric [OR 2.00 (95% CI 1.50–2.66, p<.001)] outcomes. Analyses of individual diagnoses found higher odds of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, depression, mixed affective disorders, and bipolar disorder in individuals with previous TBI compared to those without TBI. This association was present when examining only studies of mild TBI and when considering the influence of study design and characteristics. Analysis of a subset of studies found no evidence that multiple TBIs were associated with higher odds of disease than a single TBI. Conclusions History of TBI, including mild TBI, is associated with the development of neurologic and psychiatric illness. This indicates that either TBI is a risk factor for heterogeneous pathologic processes or that TBI may contribute to a common pathologic mechanism.

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“…For example, while there is speculation on the peripheral route by which PARA may induce its toxic effects9091, it has been demonstrated that it does not pass the blood-brain barrier92, and has an affinity for the retina93, providing an alternative to more traditional routes such as the gut or skin. Given that the eye provides a medium by which the environment has direct contact with brain tissue (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parkinson's Disease, Lights and Melanocytes: Looking Beyond the Retina

Willis¹,

Moore²,

Armstrong³

2014

Sci Rep

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Critical analysis of recent research suggesting that light pollution causes Parkinson's disease (PD) reveals that such a hypothesis is unsustainable in the context of therapeutic use of light in treating various neuropsychiatric conditions. Reinterpretation of their findings suggests that retinal damage caused by prolonged light exposure may have contributed to the observed enhancement of experimental PD. To test this hypothesis further, forty-two Sprague Dawley rats received microinjections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2, 4, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), paraquat or rotenone into the vitreal mass in doses so minute that the effects could not be attributed to diffusion into brain. Significant changes in five motor parameters consistent with symptoms of experimental PD were observed. These findings support the interpretation that the retina is involved in the control of motor function and in the aetiology of PD.

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Prevalence and risk factors of Parkinson's disease in retired Thai traditional boxers

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

A systematic review of potential long-term effects of sport-related concussion

A systematic review of potential long-term effects of sport-related concussion

Association of traumatic brain injury with subsequent neurological and psychiatric disease: a meta-analysis

Parkinson's Disease, Lights and Melanocytes: Looking Beyond the Retina

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