Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in Cote D'Ivoire: An analytic study conducted in the department of internal medicine

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a public health problem because of its increasing prevalence. The objective of this study was to describe the current profile of CKD in our working conditions. This is a descriptive retrospective study of patients admitted for CKD during the period from January 2010 to December 2014 in the Internal Medicine Department of the university hospital of Treichville in Abidjan. CKD was defined by a glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min lasting for at least three months. We collected 252 cases of CKD out of 3573 patients recorded during the study period, yielding a prevalence of 7%. The mean age was 39.6 ± 14 years (15-83 years). We observed a male predominance (sex ratio 1.2:1). Of the CKD patients studied, 67.1% were hypertensive, 7.9% were diabetic, and 8.7% were positive for human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus. The CKD was Stage 3 in 2.4%, Stage 4 in 3.2%, and Stage 5 in 94.4% of the patients. The etiology of CKD was hypertension in 59.9% of cases, followed by chronic glomerulonephritis (25%), HIV infection (9.1%), and diabetes (4.8%). On bivariate analysis, hypertension was the cause of CKD in 48.8% of patients under 35 years, 66.4% in patients between 35 and 64 years, and 85.4% in patients ≥65 years (P = 0.001). Chronic glomerulonephritis was the cause of CKD in 40.2% of patients under 35 years, in 14.3% between 35 and 64 years, and in 4.8% of patients ≥65 years (P = 0.0001). CKD is a common cause of hospitalization in our department. Patients generally consulted at the late stage of the disease. Risk factors are mainly hypertension, HIV infection, and diabetes.

First Emergency Hemodialysis Session at the Nephrology Department of the Teaching Hospital of Yopougon: About 146 Cases

“…The probable etiologies of CKD were dominated by CGN with 70.91% of cases. Our results corroborate with those of the numerous studies that show a high proportion of CGN in the aetiologies of especially in our context [14].…”

“…Fayrouz Zemed et al observed hypertension in 46% of cases in Morocco in 2017 [13]. In our context, hypertension followed by HIV infection is the two main risk factors for chronic renal failure [14].…”

Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with kidney disease presenting at a tertiary hospital for expert care in south-west Nigeria

“…Sakhuja et al [15] reported that about twothirds of their patients had developed ESRD at the time of the first consultation with a nephrologist. Similarly, a Cote D'Ivoire study involving 252 patients reported that nine out of ten patients were at ESRD at presentation [16]. This report is in agreement with findings by other researchers where majority of patients were seen at advanced stage of CKD due to several reasons including silent and asymptomatic nature of CKD, lack of population awareness, poorly equipped and high cost of health system [11,[17][18][19][20][21].…”

“…Research has demonstrated increasing prevalence of hypertension with age. The risk of hypertension related complications such as cardiovascular disease and CKD is equally heightened among the older adults [14,16,21,[25][26][27][28][29].…”

Prevalence and characteristics of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

“…In the West, DN is the leading cause of dialysis. In sub-Saharan Africa in general, it is the second leading cause after hypertension, but the third leading cause in Côte d'Ivoire after hypertension and HIV infection (10). In our practice, hospital data show that diabetic kidney disease is at the stage of end-stage chronic kidney disease (ESCKD) at the time of diagnosis in one-third of cases.…”