Prevalence and Risk Factors for Iron Deficiency Anemia and Iron Depletion During Pregnancy: A Prospective Study

Abstract

RESUMOIntrodução: A anemia e a carência de ferro são problemas de saúde globais e são mais frequentes em grávidas, mulheres em idade reprodutiva e crianças. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu na avaliação da prevalência de anemia ferropénica e dos fatores de risco associados à ferropénia, na primeira metade da gravidez, numa amostra da população portuguesa. ABSTRACT Introduction: Anemia and iron deficiency during pregnancy are a worldwide concern and are more frequent among women of reproductive age, pregnant women, and young children. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and the risk factors for iron depletion during the first half of pregnancy, in a Portuguese population. Material and Methods:A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary hospital and included pregnant women, until the 20th week of gestation. Data was collected regarding demographic and pregnancy features and hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations were determined. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify potential risk factors for iron deficiency. Results: Two hundred and one women were included, from which five (2.49%) presented anemia. Additionally, 77 (38.3%) exhibited iron deficiency and 22 (10.9%) revealed severe iron depletion. Maternal age was the only risk factor identified. The odds ratio (OR) was equal to 12.99 (95% CI 2.41 -70.0) for women under twenty years of age and 2.09 (95% CI 1.05 -4.14) for women older than thirty years of age. Discussion and Conclusion:The prevalence of maternal anemia in the first half of pregnancy was lower than in other studies. However, more than one-third of the women exhibited iron deficiency. With the exception of maternal age, no other risk factors were identified.

Study on the Prevalence of Severe Anemia among Non-Pregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Rural China: A Large Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

“…Severe maternal anemia carries a significant risk of hemorrhage and infection in mothers [ 8 ], reduces the resistance to blood loss causing maternal death [ 2 ], and place women at higher risk of death during delivery and the period following childbirth [ 9 ]. Maternal anemia may also increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, small size for gestational age infants, perinatal death, and anemia in infancy [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Redefining normal hemoglobin and anemia in singleton and twin pregnancies

“…Previous studies found a lower incidence of IDA, with IDA affecting approximately onethird of all pregnancies. [18][19][20] The higher incidence in the present study could be explained by the fact that most participants were multiparous and of Ashkenazi Jewish ethnicity, with relatively short interpregnancy intervals. In this population, alpha and beta thalassemia are rare, and because of their high parity, most women consume folate supplements on a routine basis in preparation for pregnancy.…”

Development of a Quantitative Scoring Method for Strobe Checklist

“…Following the development and piloting of the STROBE-M score checklist, we conducted a more formal evaluation of its inter-rater agreement. One reviewer (VL) selected 45 observational study publications (15 each from cross-sectional (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37), cohort (38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52), and case-control study (53-67) from ìPubMed databaseî published in the time period of 1 st March 2016 to 31 st May 2016 with the filters of English language, human studies, and full text availability. Irrelevant publications (opinion or critique of previous studies, letters to editors, meta-analysis were excluded (Fig.…”