Prevalence and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in Asian Indians: A community study from urban Eastern India

Abstract

Objectives:To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and to identify predictors for the same, specific to an underdeveloped urban locale of Eastern India.Materials and Methods:Study design: Population-based cross-sectional study, with multistage random sampling technique. Setting: Urban city-dwellers in Orissa one of the poorest states of Eastern India bordering a prosperous state of Andhra Pradesh of Southern India. Participants: 1178 adults of age 20–80 years randomly selected from 37 electoral wards of the urban city. Definition of Metabolic Syndrome: We followed a unified definition of the metabolic syndrome by joint interim statement of five major scientific organizations – the International Diabetes Federation, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the American Heart Association, the World Heart Federation, the International Atherosclerosis Society, and the International Association of the Study of Obesity. Individuals who meet at least three of five clinical criteria of abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceredimia, low HDL, hypertension, and hyperglycemia are diagnosed as having the condition; presence of none of these criteria is mandatory. Explicit cut points are defined for all criteria, except elevated waist circumference, which must rely on population and country-specific definitions. Main Outcome Measure: Prevalence and significant predictors of metabolic syndrome. Statistical Analysis: Both descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses.Results:Age-standardized prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome were 33.5% overall, 24.9 % in males and 42.3% in females. Older age, female gender, general obesity, inadequate fruit intake, hypercholesterolemia, and middle-to-high socioeconomic status significantly contributed to increased risk of metabolic syndrome.Conclusion:Metabolic syndrome is a significant public health problem even in one of the poorest states of India that needs to be tackled with proven strategies.

Prevalence and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in urban elderly: a community study from Tirupati, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India

“…The prevalence of MetS is found to be 34.58 percent among the urban elderly in the Tirupati town. The intact prevalent is less among elderly Goiania population (58.65%) presented in a study by Vieira et al, nearly equals to the study among urban northern Taiwan (34.3%) carried out by Tsou et al and in urban eastern Indian population (33.5%) enlightened by Prasad et al and more among Brazil population (22.7%) explained in a study with Moreira et al 6,[13][14][15] and in population of Mumbai city here Western India i.e. 19.52 percent assessed by Apurva Sawant at al.…”

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“…These changes are conducive to the development of early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus and accelerated atherosclerosis. [24] Middle to high socioeconomic status significantly contributed to increased risk of MS. [25] As MS and atherosclerosis are most commonly seen high socioeconomic class, Urustambha might also more prevalent in effluent societies by observing this fact Ayurvedic Acharya's might have called Urustambha as "Aadhya roga. "…”

“…Aadhya roga Sedentary life style/metabolic syndrome/ atherosclerosis most commonly seen in higher socioeconomic class [23][24][25] Aahaara Snigdha, ksheera, dadhi, pishtanna, graamya, anupa, audaka mamsa…”

Role of Surveillance in Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…Authors concluded that metabolic syndrome is a significant public health problem even in one of the poorest states of India. 9 Hence NASH is particularly important in countries like India where metabolic syndrome is on the rise.…”