Prevalence and risk factors for menopausal symptoms in middle-aged Chinese women: a community-based cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objectives: To examine the prevalence and risk factors of menopausal symptoms in middle-aged Chinese women. Methods: A cross-sectional, community-based study recruited 6,745 women aged 40 to 55 years in the eastern, central, and western regions of China during 2018. Menopausal status was categorized into reproductive stage (defined as regular menstruation or subtle changes in menstrual cycle characteristics), menopausal transition (the beginning of a persistent difference of 7 d in the length of consecutive cycles, or the last menstruation having occurred no more than 12 mo), or postmenpause (the end of the 12 mo period of amenorrhea) according to the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop classification. Menopausal symptoms were determined by the modified Kupperman Menopausal Index (KMI) questionnaire and considered nonmenopausal symptoms (total KMI score<15) and menopausal symptoms (total KMI score≥15). Demographic, lifestyle, physical, and menopausal characteristics were collected by face-to-face interviews. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with the risk of menopausal symptoms. Results: Among all participants, the mean age was 46.9 years, and 15.7% (1,001/6,364) of participants reported experiencing menopausal symptoms. The prevalence of menopausal symptoms was 9.3% (303/3,256), 23.9% (293/1,227), and 21.5% (405/1,881) in the reproductive stage, menopausal transition, and postmenopausal stage, respectively. Overall, the three most prevalent menopausal symptoms were insomnia (44.7%), fatigue (40.4%), and mood swings (37.2%). The multivariable logistic regression model showed that menopausal status, residence, nulliparity, and chronic diseases were associated with the risk of menopausal symptoms (all P < 0.05). Women during menopausal transition (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 2.21-3.20) or postmenopause (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.82-2.80) had significantly increased risk of menopausal symptoms compared with those in the reproductive stage. Conclusions: Menopausal status, residence, nulliparity, and chronic diseases were associated with menopausal symptoms in middle-aged Chinese women.

Prevalence and risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms in middle-aged Chinese women: a community-based cross-sectional study

“…> 10,000 which might be explained by the differences in social and personal attitude towards aging and menopause, knowledge of menopausal symptoms, and awareness of treatment for menopausal symptoms between women living in rural and urban areas [48].…”

“…The National Survey of Women’s Health is a cross-sectional, community-based study of women residing in three socioeconomic regions of China: eastern (Jiangsu and Shandong provinces), central (Hunan and Anhui provinces), and western (Shanxi and Sichuan provinces). Details of this study have been described elsewhere [ 24 ]. Briefly, one urban and one rural areas were selected as investigation sites in each province, and we recruited women aged 10–70 years by a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling at each investigation site.…”

Present situation and analysis of factors affecting perimenopausal syndrome among clinical nurses—a cross-sectional survey

“…Studies have shown that menopause is closely related to the severity of perimenopausal syndrome (23). This is because women after menopause, estrogen deficiency will lead to a series of serious harm to the quality of life health events, Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is the only comprehensive solution to menopausal-related symptoms and disorders (24).…”

Association of Nighttime Sleep Duration with Depressive Symptoms and Its Interaction with Regular Physical Activity among Chinese Adolescent Girls

“…The National Survey of Women's Health is a cross-sectional, community-based study of women residing in three socioeconomic regions of China: the eastern (Jiangsu and Shandong provinces), central (Hunan and Anhui provinces), and western (Shanxi and Sichuan provinces) regions. Details of this study have been described elsewhere [25]. A multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method was used to recruit participants.…”