Prevalence and risk factors for HIV-1 infection in rural Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania: Implications for prevention and treatment

Mmbaga, Elia John; Hussain, Akhtar; Leyna, Germana; Mnyika, Kagoma S.; Sam, Noel E.; Klepp, Knut‐Inge

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-58

Cited by 48 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…These findings conflict with those of another study that found no significant difference between current users and non-users of alcohol with regards to HIV prevalence (Sebit et al, 2003). The last study in this group found that the consumption of local brew or bottled alcohol at least once per week was significantly associated with HIV-1 infection among men, but not among women (Mmbaga et al, 2007). A different type of study found that men and women who had frequented a beer hall in the previous month were significantly more likely to be HIV+ than those who had not (Lewis et al, 2005).…”

Section: Original Articlecontrasting

confidence: 55%

Descriptive systematic review of sub-Saharan African studies on the association between alcohol use and HIV infection

Pithey

Parry

2009

SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS

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The purpose of this review was to identify and assess studies that have quantified the association between alcohol consumption and HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. PubMed, CAB Abstracts and article references were searched to identify studies published in English between 2000 and 2008 that reported relative measures of the association between alcohol use and HIV prevalence and/or seroconversion rates. Twenty-one eligible studies were described in detail and information on study characteristics extracted. All of the identified studies were conducted either in east or southern Africa, and varied substantially regarding study population and alcohol use definitions. Overall, users of alcohol and especially problem drinkers were more likely to be HIV seropositive (HIV+) than non-users, frequency or quantity of alcohol use was positively associated with HIV prevalence, and the association varied by gender. The use of alcohol in sexual contexts was significantly associated with an increased risk of HIV acquisition and prevalence.The findings of this review of sub-Saharan African research strongly support an association between alcohol consumption and HIV infection. Although a causal relationship could not be established with certainty from the mainly cross-sectional studies, the negative consequences of such an association have profound implications for the burden of disease in this region. To confirm causality, future research should use prospective study designs, use clearly defined standardised measures of alcohol use (and problematic drinking) and an 'event-specific' approach to examine the situational links between alcohol use and HIV acquisition. Keywords: Alcohol, HIV, sexual risk, Africa.Anne Pithey is an independent researcher who has worked for the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Unit (ADARU) of the South African Medical Research Council (MRC) over a number of years. Her primary role has been to undertake systematic reviews of the literature and to assist with a variety of writing tasks. She holds an MSc (Med) from the University of Cape Town. Charles

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Section: Original Articlecontrasting

confidence: 55%

Descriptive systematic review of sub-Saharan African studies on the association between alcohol use and HIV infection

Pithey

Parry

2009

SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS

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“…This type of occupation that keeps women at home should cover the activities against the high risk of being infected with HIV. The type of high-risk occupation was associated with a 32% risk of being infected by HIV in women in Rakai in Uganda in 2014 (Hazard Ratio =1.32 [0.99 to 1.75]) [55]. Our results differ from those discussed in Tanzania [56] with a higher prevalence (13.1%) in commercial and Ethiopia [53] where traders had 2.07 times at risk of HIV infection.…”

Section: Rate Of Hiv-1 Hiv-2 and Hiv-d By Socio-demographic Charactecontrasting

confidence: 86%

Emergence of HIV Types and Risk Factors in Pregnant Women in Burkina Faso from 2006 to 2014

Konate¹

2017

JMEN

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“…Alcohol use before sex has been associated with less likelihood of condom use (Kongnyuy & Wiysonge, 2007;Mmbaga et al, 2007;Weiser et al, 2006). McCready and Halkitis (2008) have also reported use of methamphetamine among MSM in order to escape the responsibility of using condoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of sex work in Swaziland: barriers to and opportunities for HIV prevention among sex workers

Chipamaunga

Muula

Mataya

2010

SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS

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The HIV situation in virtually all southern African countries is a generalised epidemic. Despite the fact that almost all adult age and social groups have high HIV prevalence estimates, sex workers are disproportionally affected, with prevalence estimates higher than the general population. In a qualitative study of 61 male and female sex workers in Swaziland, we found that while poverty drove many into sex work, others reported motivations of pleasure or “sensation seeking”, and freedoms from the burden of marriage as perceived benefits of sex work. We also found that penile-vaginal sex was not universal in male-female sexual encounters; and motivation by sex workers for non-condom use included intention to earn more money from unprotected sex, desire for sexual pleasure, and not having time to use condoms. Many sex workers expressed doubts over an alternative lifestyle, even if that change afforded them money to meet their daily necessities. The findings from this study suggest that treating sex workers as a homogenous group that is driven into, or maintain sex work only because of poverty may be problematic, and could hamper HIV-relevant interventions aimed at reducing their vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections.

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Prevalence and risk factors for HIV-1 infection in rural Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania: Implications for prevention and treatment

Cited by 48 publications

References 33 publications

Descriptive systematic review of sub-Saharan African studies on the association between alcohol use and HIV infection

Descriptive systematic review of sub-Saharan African studies on the association between alcohol use and HIV infection

Emergence of HIV Types and Risk Factors in Pregnant Women in Burkina Faso from 2006 to 2014

An assessment of sex work in Swaziland: barriers to and opportunities for HIV prevention among sex workers

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