Prevalence and risk factors for myopia in Taiwanese diabetes mellitus patients: a multicenter case–control study in Taiwan

Lin, Hsin Ting; Zheng, Cai Mei; Fang, Yu; Liu, Ju Chi; Wu, Yungang; Chang, Yun Hsiang; Chen, Jiann Torng; Liang, Chang; Chang, Tsu‐Chung; Zheng, Jun; Tai, Ming Cheng; Lin, Yuh Feng

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-87499-y

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, studies on the relationship between diabetes and myopia remain controversial. Some studies found a positive relationship between diabetes and myopia [33,34], while no signi cant relationship was revealed in other studies [35,36]. The reasons for these diverse results may be the different blood glucose control levels of the patients included in the different studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence and risk factors for refractive error in older adults in eight ethnicities in China: The China National Health Survey (CNHS)

Wang,

luo,

Shan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background China is a multiethnic country; however, the study of the prevalence of RE in western areas and in ethnic minorities in China is limited. This study was to investigate the prevalence and influences of REs (refractive errors) in older adults in the Han and minority ethnicities in 7 provinces in China. Methods The current cross-sectional study is part of the ophthalmic data of the China National Health Survey (CNHS). Face-to-face interviews and ophthalmic examinations were conducted in 7 provinces in Northwest and Southwest China. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of RE in Han and 7 other ethnicities, aged 50–80 years, were compared. A mixed effects model was used to identify the risk factors for RE. Results A total of 12902 participants, 8808 Han and 4102 ethnic minorities, were included. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of myopia, high myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism were ranged 15.3% (Manchu) -22.9% (Han), 0.2% (Yugur) -2.8% (Han), 21.6% (Tibetan) -48.9% (Uyghur) and 38.7% (Yi) -57.5% (Manchu) in different ethnicities, respectively. Compared to Han population, ethnicities of Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, Yi and Yugur was less likely to have myopia, while there is no significant difference in the prevalence of myopia between the Manchu, Korean and Han ethnic groups. Other protective factors for myopia including: rural residence; higher BMI index, living in higher latitude area and smoking history. High myopia was negatively associated with Mongolian and Yugur populations and living in rural areas. Older age; ethnicities of Mongolian, Uyghur, Yi and Yugur; rural residence, living in higher latitude area and past smoking history were positively associated with hyperopia. Conclusions The prevalence of myopia in older adults was relatively low in Northwest China. Significant differences in RE prevalence were observed between minority ethnicities and Han people, except for the Manchu and Korean populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence and risk factors for refractive error in older adults in eight ethnicities in China: The China National Health Survey (CNHS)

Wang,

luo,

Shan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…A study of children with diabetes 12 found no significant association between diabetes and myopia, although the prevalence of myopia may increase transiently in patients with diabetes at a younger age. However, a study in Taiwan 20 found a higher prevalence of myopia in the diabetic group than in the control group, but no significant difference was noted in high myopia prevalence. However, only few genetic and environmental factors have been definitively identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Factors associated with myopia in 19-year-old adult men in Korea between 2014 and 2020

Gwon

Lee

2023

Sci Rep

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Numerous environmental factors that influence myopia have been studied, but only few factors have been definitively identified. We examined factors influencing myopia using data from 2014 to 2020 physical examinations received from the Korean Military Manpower Administration. We used the Cochran–Armitage trend test to investigate the annual prevalence of myopia and high myopia. To determine risk factors for myopia, logistic regression was performed. The data of 2,215,126 19-year-old Korean men were examined. The myopia and high myopia prevalences showed significant annual increases; in 2020, these prevalences were 58.9% and 18.0%, respectively. The myopia prevalence was high when the birth season was spring, education level was high, height was small, weight and body mass index (BMI) were low (< 18.5 kg/m2), and color vision was normal (all, p < 0.05). The high myopia prevalence was high when the birth season was spring, education level was high, height was tall, weight and BMI were low (< 18.5 kg/m2), and color vision was normal (all, p < 0.05). The prevalence of myopia and high myopia in this population is increasing annually. The risk of both conditions increased when the birth season was spring, education level was high, BMI was low, color vision was normal, and diabetes was present.

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“…Myopia is a disease that is associated with both genetic and environmental factors. Despite extensive research over the past few decades, the mechanisms underlying myopia development and its related factors are still not fully understood.Previous observational studies have identi ed type 2 diabetes 7 , secondhand smoke exposure 8 , and BMI 9 as factors related to myopia.Those results may be biased by potential residual confounding.There is currently no research to substantiate the causal relationship between smoking initiation and myopia.Furthermore,previous studies do not establish a clear causal relationship between type 2 diabetes,BMI and myopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic causal association between type 2 diabetes, body mass index, smoking initiation and myopia：A mendelian randomization study

Chu¹,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The purpose of this investigation was to explore the causal relationships between type 2 diabetes, body mass index(BMI), smoking initiation, and myopia. We utilized summary statistics from independent genome-wide association studies to examine the causal linkages among these factors. Our main analytical technique was the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method, along with weighted median and mr-egger as supplements. Univariable and multivariable mendelian randomization(MR) analyses were conducted, and reverse MR was performed to assess reverse causation.The results showed that there were associations between myopia and smoking initiation (odds ratio (OR) 0.984, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.977-0.992, p=6.35×10-5), body mass index (OR 0.989, 95% CI 0.984-0.993, p=3.84×10-6), and type 2 diabetes (OR 1.004, 95% CI 1.002-1.006, p=4.15×10-4). These associations remained strong even after mutual adjustment. We observed no pleiotropy in these exposures, and no associations were found in reverse MR.In conclusion, this study is the first to use univariable and multivariate mendelian randomization to confirm a causal relationship between type 2 diabetes, smoking initiation, BMI and myopia.

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Prevalence and risk factors for myopia in Taiwanese diabetes mellitus patients: a multicenter case–control study in Taiwan

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Prevalence and risk factors for refractive error in older adults in eight ethnicities in China: The China National Health Survey (CNHS)

Prevalence and risk factors for refractive error in older adults in eight ethnicities in China: The China National Health Survey (CNHS)

Factors associated with myopia in 19-year-old adult men in Korea between 2014 and 2020

Genetic causal association between type 2 diabetes, body mass index, smoking initiation and myopia：A mendelian randomization study

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