Prevalence and Risk Factors for Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders in Indian Population

Kumar, Sandeep; Debnath, Nitai; Ismail, Mohammed B.; Kumar, Ajay; Kumar, Amit; Badiyani, Bhumika Kamal; Dubey, Pavan K.; Sukhtankar, Laxmi

doi:10.1155/2015/208519

Cited by 69 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In general population samples outside the hospital environment, the prevalence is found to be lower. Among 1241 individuals (47.1% women) in India, the prevalence of erythroplakia was 0.24% (Kumar et al., ), and a similar prevalence (0.3%) was found among 1385 rural Brazilian workers, of which 53.2% were females (Ferreira et al., ).…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 89%

Oral erythroplakia—What is it?

Holmstrup

2018

Oral Diseases

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Oral erythroplakia is a rare type of lesion, and little is known about the origin of the lesion. It has traditionally been described as the red counterpart of oral leukoplakia, which implies that it is a red lesion that cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other definable lesion. A definition by exclusion is less satisfactory than a positive description to define a lesion, and as erythroplakia probably is related to lichenoid lesions, a new approach to perceive the lesion is proposed based on the clinical features of a fiery red, sharply demarcated lesion situated at a slightly lower level than the surrounding mucosa. Such a definition would probably help clinicians distinguish erythroplakia from other red lesions of the oral mucosa. Although the course of such lesions varies, a significant proportion will develop malignancy, which is why they should be followed at short intervals.

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Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 89%

Oral erythroplakia—What is it?

Holmstrup

2018

Oral Diseases

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“…This is similar to the prevalence found in other studies. [17][18][19][20] Detecting an OPMD early should be followed by monitoring and providing timely referral. Implementation of programs for monitoring of high-risk population is challenging and depends on the skill of the FHP.…”

Section: Administrative Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Mobile Health Approach to Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer

Birur

Patrick

Bajaj

et al. 2018

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Aim: The incidence of oral cancer is high in India, which can be reduced by early detection. We aimed to empower frontline health care providers (FHP) for early detection and connect specialist to rural population through mHealth. Materials and methods:We provided training to FHPs in examination of oral cavity, use of mobile phone for image capture, and risk factor analysis. The FHPs were selected from different cohorts in resource-constrained settings. The workflow involved screening of high-risk individuals in door-to-door and workplace settings, and capture of images of suspected lesions. Uploaded data were interpreted and recommendation was sent by specialist from a remote location. Their recommendation was intimated to FHPs who arranged for further action. Two more initiatives, one for multiple dental schools and another for private practitioners, were undertaken. Results:During the period from 2010 to 2018, 42,754 subjects have been screened, and 5,406 subjects with potentially malignant disorders have been identified. The prevalence of potentially malignant disorders varied from 0.8 to 62% at different cohorts; 516 biopsies have been performed at remote locations. Conclusion:Connecting specialists to rural population was made possible through the use of mobile health. Trained FHP were able to reach out to the population. Electronic data capture facilitated efficient follow-up. The program was very cost-effective with screening completed under $1 per person.Clinical significance: In view of the high incidence of oral cancer in India, and the resource-constrained settings, mobile health paves the way for better access to specialist care for the rural population.

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“…With a worldwide prevalence of 4.4%, oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are relatively common tissue changes that may precede squamous cell carcinoma, the most common malignancy of the oral mucosa accounting for the 80% to 90% of all oral cancers [1,2]. The most common OPMDs are leukoplakia, speckled leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and actinic cheilitis [3,4]. Leukoplakia is defined by the World Health Organization as "a white patch or plaque that cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease" [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leukoplakias occurring on the lower lip as well as on the floor of the mouth and lateral tongue may show more epithelial dysplasia or malignant transformation [3,5]. Overall, persistent and/or recurrent white lesions of the oral mucosa create a suspicion of malignancy and usually require incisional biopsy or complete excision [2,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%