Prevalence and risk factors for Down syndrome: A hospital‐based single‐center study in Western Mexico

Abstract

Although Hispanics of Mexican origin in the United States have been identified as a population with a particularly higher rate of Down syndrome (DS), there is a paucity of studies concerning this topic in Mexico. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for DS in a population from Western Mexico. For prevalence, 230 liveborn infants with DS were included from a total of 89,332 births occurring during the period 2009-2017 at the Dr. Juan I.Menchaca Civil Hospital of Guadalajara (Mexico). In order to evaluate potential DS risks, a casecontrol study was conducted among 633 newborns, including those 211 DS patients with full trisomy 21 (cases) and 422 infants without birth defects (controls). Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The overall prevalence for DS was 25.7 per 10,000 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 22.4-29.1). Patients with DS had a significantly higher risk for family history of DS in distant relatives (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.4, 95% CI: 2.5-7.7), relatives with thyroid disease (aOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2-4.0), maternal age ≤ 19 years (aOR = 5.1, 95% CI: 2.7-9.6) or ≥ 35 years (aOR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.5-6.9), paternal age ≤ 19 years (aOR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.7-7.4), pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 (aOR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0-2.4), and prepregnancy alcohol consumption (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-2.9). The identified risks in family history, and previously mentioned nutritional disadvantages were associated with DS in our sample and probably also to its increased prevalence in our population. K E Y W O R D S adolescent parents, alcohol consumption, maternal age, maternal overweight, socioeconomic status

Global, Regional, and National Burden and Trends of Down Syndrome From 1990 to 2019

“…(Takeuchi et al, 2008;Glivetic et al, 2015). Consistent with previous studies, our study found that the males prevalent cases exceeded that of females regardless of the SDI region, which might be related to a differential rate for fetus survival in utero between sexes (Bishop et al, 1997;Agopian et al, 2012;Corona-Rivera et al, 2019).…”

Family history of thyroid disease and risk of congenital hypothyroidism in neonates with Down syndrome

“…9 However, the possible relationship of FHTD with CH in DS has not yet been explored. In a previous study, 10 we observed that FHTD was 2.3-fold higher among NBs with DS with regard to a control group of NBs without malformations. The purpose of the present work was to investigate whether FHTD increases the risk of CH among NBs with DS compared to a reference group of NBs with DS and without FHTD.…”

Trisomy 21 and Assisted Reproductive Technologies: A review

“…(2016) , García-Ferreyra et al . (2018) , and Corona-Rivera et al . (2019) demonstrated that older fathers have a higher risk of Down syndrome pregnancies compared to younger fathers ( Figure 1 ).…”

“…The link between paternal age and trisomy 21 has not been fully elucidated and continues to be controversial. However, studies by Carrasquillo et al (2019) and Thompson (2019) showed that there was no significant association between advanced paternal age and trisomy 21; whereas Sotonica et al (2016), García-Ferreyra et al (2018), andCorona-Rivera et al (2019) demonstrated that older fathers have a higher risk of Down syndrome pregnancies compared to younger fathers (Figure 1). Likewise, Templado et al (2011) and Sotonica et al (2016) revealed that paternal age is associated with an increased risk of chromosomal breaking in spermatozoa, leading to translocations commonly associated with trisomies.…”