Prevalence and risk factors for Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. caecal colonization in broiler chicken and turkey flocks slaughtered in Quebec, Canada

Arsenault, Julie; Letellier, Ann; Quessy, Sylvain; Normand, Valérie; Boulianne, Martine

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.04.016

Cited by 93 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The presence of rodents on farms can have a strong association with flock positivity (27,54), and the efficacy of vermin control is a risk factor (3,41). Although rodents are detected within the poultry houses of some modern farms (25), the importance of this risk may be low, as Campylobacter carriage is detected infrequently in captured rodents (47).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biosecurity-Based Interventions and Strategies To Reduce Campylobacter spp. on Poultry Farms

Newell

Elvers

Döpfer

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

202

194

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The prevention and control of Campylobacter colonization of poultry flocks are important public health strategies for the control of human campylobacteriosis. A critical review of the literature on interventions to control Campylobacter in poultry on farms was undertaken using a systematic approach. Although the focus of the review was on aspects appropriate to the United Kingdom poultry industry, the research reviewed was gathered from worldwide literature. Multiple electronic databases were employed to search the literature, in any language, from 1980 to September 2008. A primary set of 4,316 references was identified and scanned, using specific agreed-upon criteria, to select relevant references related to biosecurity-based interventions. The final library comprised 173 references. Identification of the sources of Campylobacter in poultry flocks was required to inform the development of targeted interventions to disrupt transmission routes. The approach used generally involved risk factor-based surveys related to culture-positive or -negative flocks, usually combined with a structured questionnaire. In addition, some studies, either in combination or independently, undertook intervention trials. Many of these studies were compromised by poor design, sampling, and statistical analysis. The evidence for each potential source and route of transmission on the poultry farm was reviewed critically, and the options for intervention were considered. The review concluded that, in most instances, biosecurity on conventional broiler farms can be enhanced and this should contribute to the reduction of flock colonization. However, complementary, non-biosecurity-based approaches will also be required in the future to maximize the reduction of Campylobacter-positive flocks at the farm level.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Campylobacter can survive in poultry litter (76). If the distance between the stacked used litter and the poultry house is less than 200 meters, then the risk of flock infection may increase 5-fold or more (3,16). The removal of dead birds from the farm also reduces the risk of a positive flock (25).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosecurity-Based Interventions and Strategies To Reduce Campylobacter spp. on Poultry Farms

Newell

Elvers

Döpfer

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

202

194

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“…The current study highlighted the benefit of using a combined water treatment of chlorination and filtration to reduce the prevalence of APEC carriage in broiler chickens. Arsenault et al (2007) also reported the addition of chlorine to the drinking water helped reduce the risk of Campylobacter and Salmonella colonisation of the intestinal flora. Similarly, other studies have also reported the benefits of chlorination in reducing prevalence of E. coli and/or other pathogens and/or decreasing mortality associated with disease (Dhillon and Jack, 1996;Guerin et al, 2007;Nather et al, 2009;Vandeplas et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

Awawdeh¹,

Turni²,

Henning³

et al.

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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of avian colibacillosis, a localised or systemic infection resulting in clinical diseases such as colisepticemia, chronic respiratory disease and swollen-head syndrome. Globally, avian colibacillosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry, and it has been associated with massive economic losses and welfare problems.This organism is of public health significance as APEC is communicable to humans. The diagnosis of avian colibacillosis relies on clinical signs, typical pathological lesions and culture of E. coli from affected tissue(s). Antimicrobial therapy is often used both for treatment and control. Previous overseas studies have characterised APEC and identified virulence genes (VGs) that can be used as molecular markers for the identification of APEC. Little is known about APEC in broiler chickens in Australia.The aim of this thesis was to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of APEC in Australian broiler flocks and how factors including presence of VGs and phylogenetic group can improve the identification of this pathotype in Australia. Firstly, three faecal DNA extraction methods were evaluated. Faeces were collected from healthy chickens and chickens with colibacillosis from commercial broiler farms in South East Queensland (SEQ). The extracted DNA was screened by a pentaplex-PCR for five APEC-associated VGs (iroN, iutA, iss, hlyF and ompT). DNA extracted from E. coli isolates cultured from the cloaca and organs of the birds were screened using the same PCR.Repeated bead beating plus column elution was the preferred DNA extraction method, as it yielded good PCR quality and adequate quantity DNA. However, identifying APEC by direct detection of the five VGs from the faecal material was not feasible as all of these genes were also detected in all of the birds. However, the VGs were more commonly detected in E. coli isolates cultured from birds with colibacillosis.A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate APEC farm-level prevalence in healthy broiler chickens in SEQ and to identify potential risk factors associated with the carriage of APEC. At the farm-level, all of the 40 farms sampled were positive for APEC, that is at least one bird per farm carried APEC, while the within-farm prevalence was 63% (95% Confidence Interval: 55.8, 70.2).Higher APEC within-farm bird-level prevalence was significantly associated with the usage of well water as a source of drinking water, failure to disinfect the water line after each flock, farm visitors not showering before entering the shed, distances greater than 20 metres between the car park and the poultry shed and the presence of wild birds within 50 metres of the shed. Chlorinating the drinking water combined with automatic water filtration reduced within-farm bird-level APEC prevalence. Page | 3Therefore, based on the results concluded from the multivariable model, improving biosecurity and water treatments might reduce APEC prevalence, decrease the risk of co...

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“…In contrast, some studies in the United Kingdom, USA, and Canada have reported no seasonal influence on Campylobacter prevalence (Humphrey et al, 1993;Gregory et al, 1997;Nadeau et al, 2002). Seasonality effects could be explained by environmental factors, which require further investigation, such as humidity, temperature and sunlight (Wallace et al, 1997;Arsenault et al, 2007a;Guerin et al, 2008). For instance, a warmer mean temperature and the moister climate during summertime provide conditions favoring environmental Campylobacter survival, as well as increase the amount of insects, wild birds and rodents, which act as mechanical vectors for the pathogen, around the broiler house (Hald et al 2004, Rushton et al 2009, Jore et al 2010.…”

Section: Broiler Farmsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Campylobacter spp. infection in humans and poultry

Natsos

Koutoulis

Sossidou

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Campylobacter is well recognized as the leading cause of bacterial foodborne diarrheal disease worldwide. The infection may be subclinical or cause disease of variable severity. The eating and handling of improperly cooked or raw broiler meat has been shown to be one of the most important sources of human campylobacteriosis. Birds carrying Campylobacter are asymptomatic colonizers without any clinical signs. Broilers are considered Campylobacter free after hatching and become colonized by exposure to viable bacteria from the environment. Several risk factors can result in the introduction of Campylobacter into the flocks making it difficult to keep chicken flocks free of Campylobacter throughout the rearing period. Lack of biosecurity measures, season, age, partial depopulation practices, flock size, type of production system, presence of other animals on farm, water quality, presence of rodents and mechanical transmission via insects are considered to be some of the risk factors associated with horizontal transmission. The control of Campylobacter in poultry seems crucial for the reduction of human campylobacteriosis cases. In Greece, there has been a dearth of information on prevalence and risk factors of Campylobacter in broiler flocks. Therefore, it is essential to initially investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter infection on farms and in poultry carcasses and subsequently the risk factors at all production stages of broiler meat and plan intervention studies to help reducing the disease in humans. This paper review the most recent data reported worldwide on Campylobacter infection in humans and poultry in order to provide an overview of trends, risks, possible causes and mechanisms of transmission routes.

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Prevalence and risk factors for Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. caecal colonization in broiler chicken and turkey flocks slaughtered in Quebec, Canada

Cited by 93 publications

References 58 publications

Biosecurity-Based Interventions and Strategies To Reduce Campylobacter spp. on Poultry Farms

Biosecurity-Based Interventions and Strategies To Reduce Campylobacter spp. on Poultry Farms

Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

Campylobacter spp. infection in humans and poultry

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