Prevalence and risk factors for depression in elderly North Indians

Sharma, Kamlesh; Gupta, Anmol; Sharma, Ravi; Mahajan, Narinder; Mahajan, Annil; Sharma, Deepak; Mazta, Salig Ram

doi:10.4103/2348-9995.195673

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This result is similar to those of most studies, which have found that among lowincome people, the prevalence of depression is higher (Mohd Sidik, Mohd Zulkefli, & Shah, 2003;Sharma et al, 2016).…”

Section: Depression -Unsatisfactory Incomesupporting

confidence: 92%

Factors Associated with Depression in Middle-Aged and Elderly People in Romania

Rada¹

2020

PSY

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The objectives of this study were the determination of the prevalence of self-reported depressive symptoms by the Geriatric Depression Scale and the influences of variable income, physical activity, socialization and sexual activity. A total of 601 patients aged 55–93 years with a mean age of 67.32 years and a median age of 67 years participated in this study between 2016 and 2017. Non-cooperative people and individuals with strong auditory or visual sensory deficits, severe cognitive deficits, or disorders accompanied by psychotic elements with serious somatic pathology were excluded from the interviews. Employing the SPSS GENLIN procedure, an ordinal logistic model was used. Over ½ of the respondents are within the categories of moderate and severe depression, almost half of the respondents feel that their family incomes are not enough or make it hard to meet their needs, approximately 10% think they are sedentary, over ½ participate in no sexual activity, and over ¼ do not frequently respond with pleasure to partner-initiated sexual relationships. Those who were in the higher depression category perceived their income to be extremely low (p = .001), perceived themselves as sedentary (p < .001), infrequently met with friends or neighbours in their leisure time (p = .002), and had lower sexual interest (p < .001). Middle-aged adults and older adults should learn about the health benefits of physical activity, socialization and sexual activity. Social policies must take into account this low-income segment. Poverty itself can be a contributor to depressive states, and additionally, due to their low incomes, elderly people are at risk of benefiting less from pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.

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Section: Depression -Unsatisfactory Incomesupporting

confidence: 92%

Factors Associated with Depression in Middle-Aged and Elderly People in Romania

Rada¹

2020

PSY

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“…In our study, older individuals with these comorbidities were found to be more prone to depressive episodes, as has been robustly recorded in the available literature [6,9,12,13,21,25,28,31]. Elderly individuals who were staying alone, and those who were widowed, were noted to be more depressed, a finding which has been amply recorded in the existing literature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Another study done in north Kerala in a rural community reported a 72.4% prevalence of geriatric depression, which was higher than the value obtained in our study [12]. Studies done in different states in India and Pakistan have documented prevalence varying from 9.5% to 62.16% [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Prevalence and correlates of geriatric depression in a rural community in Kerala, India

et al. 2021

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Background: Elderly constitutes a vulnerable group for depression, as they are especially prone to suffer adverse consequences of a depressive episode and have greater rates of completed suicides. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and determinants of geriatric depression. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 250 elderlies from 1st January 2019 to 1st January 2020 in the different rural blocks of Ernakulam district, India. The multistage sampling technique and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30) were used to collect the data. A score of 0 9 is considered "normal", 10 19 is labeled as "mildly depressed", and 20 30 as "severely depressed". Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS software. The Chi-square test /Fisher's exact test was used to study the association between the socio-demographic and behavioral variables with depression. Results: The mean age was 69.33 ± 7.41years and male: female ratio was 0.55: 1.The overall prevalence of depression was 52.4%. Advanced age over 70years [OR=2.04;95% CI, 1.227 – 3.394; P=0.006], female gender[OR=2.844;95% CI,1.663-4.865; P =<0.001], lack of gainful employment [OR=3.504; 95% CI, 1.833–6.699; P =<0.001], physical dependence [OR=0.365;95% CI,0.162–0.821; P =0.012], financial dependence [OR=0.388; 95% CI, 0.219–0.687; P =<0.001], presence of medical co morbidities [OR=0.428; 95% CI, 0.212–0.866; P =0.016],poor lifestyle including the lack of regular exercise [OR =2.020; 95% CI,1.174–3.473; P =0.010], addiction to alcohol [OR=4.932;95%CI,1.600-15.208; P =0.004] and addiction to tobacco smoking [OR=2.905;95%CI,1.273-6.628; P =0.009] and poor family support [OR= 5.180;95% CI,716–15.636; P = 0.002] were found to be significantly associated with depression. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among the elderlies was high, and hence early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to reduce its burden in the community.

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“…12 We could identify only one study conducted in a city centre using the cluster sampling method, in which 18.5% of the older adults who participated in the study had depression. 13 The prevalence of depression among the elderly was 9.5%, 14 23.5%, 15 and 43.6%, 16 according to some studies conducted in other countries using the cluster sampling method. The prevalence of depression varies between the older adults who participated in this study and in other studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the prevalence of depression among older adults living in Burdur, Turkey, and their associated factors

Güzel

Kara

2020

Psychogeriatrics

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Background This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression among older adults living in Burdur, Turkey, and their associated factors. Methods This analytical cross‐sectional study was conducted between May 1, 2015 and August 20, 2015 comprising 35 339 subjects aged ≥65 years living in Burdur; the sample was 770 subjects identified using a population‐weighted cluster sampling method. Data were collected by using personal information forms, Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Older People's Quality of Life Scale of the World Health Organization. The statistical analysis was performed by using t‐test for independent samples, one‐way analysis of variance and post hoc multiple comparison tests, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results Of the study population, 51.8% had a score of ≥14 (definite depression). According to the regression model, the prevalence of depression was higher in older adults aged ≥85 years than in older adults aged 65–74 years (P < 0.01), in females than in males (P < 0.01), in individuals who never consumed alcohol than in those who consumed alcohol (P = 0.04), and in older adults who perceived their health as poor than in those who were unsure about their health and perceived their health as good (P < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed a poor, negative, and significant correlation (r = −0.38; P < 0.01) between the total scores of Older People's Quality of Life Scale of the World Health Organization and Geriatric Depression Scale. Conclusions The prevalence of depression is high among older adults aged ≥65 years. Age, gender, alcohol consumption, health perception, and quality of life are important predictors of depression.

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Prevalence and risk factors for depression in elderly North Indians

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Factors Associated with Depression in Middle-Aged and Elderly People in Romania

Factors Associated with Depression in Middle-Aged and Elderly People in Romania

Prevalence and correlates of geriatric depression in a rural community in Kerala, India

Determining the prevalence of depression among older adults living in Burdur, Turkey, and their associated factors

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