Prevalence and risk factors associated with depression in pregnant adolescents in Nairobi, Kenya

Tele, Albert; Kathono, Joseph; Mwaniga, Shillah; Nyongesa, Vincent; Yator, Obadia; Gachuno, Onesmus; Wamalwa, Dalton; Amugune, Beatrice; Cuijpers, Pim; Saxena, Shekhar; McKay, Mary M.; Carvajal, Liliana; Lai, Joanna; Huang, Keng Yen; Merali, Zul; Kumar, Manasi

doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100424

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The high prevalence observed in this study is consistent with previous research conducted in Kenya, where the prevalence was 36% (21). However, these ndings are higher than those in Tanzania, where the prevalence was 11.5% (22), and in Rwanda, where it was 26.6% (23).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Factors associated with antenatal depression among women attending antenatal care at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital: A cross-sectional study

Kasujja,

Omara,

Senkungu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Introduction: This study investigated the prevalence, severity, and factors associated with antenatal depression among women receiving antenatal care at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) in Uganda. Antenatal depression is a critical concern for maternal and child well-being, as it can lead to adverse outcomes, including preterm birth, abortion, low birth weight, and impaired maternal–infant bonding. Despite several international guidelines recommending routine screening for antenatal depression, local Ugandan guidelines often overlook this essential aspect of maternal care. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 353 pregnant women utilized the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) to assess antenatal depression. Participants’ psychosocial demographic and obstetric characteristics were recorded. Logistic regression analysis identified factors linked to antenatal depression. Results Antenatal depression burden was notably high, affecting 37.68% of the participants. The majority of patients with antenatal depression had mild symptoms (72.68%). The significantly associated factors at multivariate analysis included younger age (≤ 20), older age (≥ 35), history of domestic violence, alcohol use, gestational age, abortion history, history of preeclampsia and unplanned pregnancies. Conclusion This study revealed a significantly high prevalence of antenatal depression, emphasizing its public health importance. Most cases were classified as mild, emphasizing the need for timely interventions to prevent escalation. The identified risk factors included age, history of domestic violence, alcohol use, first-trimester pregnancy, abortion history, past preeclampsia, and unplanned pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Factors associated with antenatal depression among women attending antenatal care at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital: A cross-sectional study

Kasujja,

Omara,

Senkungu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder ranges from 11 to 15.8% among nonpregnant adolescents [5,13 & ]. Among pregnant adolescents, the prevalence of depressive symptomatology ranges widely from 9.8 to 43.1% across studies [9,11,[14][15][16], likely reflecting methodology and sampling. Prevalence estimates of prenatal depressive symptomatology are often obtained using self-report questionnaires rather than diagnostic interviews [10,14,15,17].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among pregnant adolescents, the prevalence of depressive symptomatology ranges widely from 9.8 to 43.1% across studies [9,11,[14][15][16], likely reflecting methodology and sampling. Prevalence estimates of prenatal depressive symptomatology are often obtained using self-report questionnaires rather than diagnostic interviews [10,14,15,17]. Additionally, many studies investigating the prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy include adolescents within the larger study sample but do not uniquely examine pregnant adolescents.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Demographic Low-income level [8 && ,17,18] and/or not currently employed [16] and/or not currently housed [20 & ] and/or food insecurity [16] Low levels of educational attainment [18,19] Not currently in a relationship [16,19] Younger age [16] Psychosocial History of childhood abuse and/or neglect [18] Lifetime exposure to racial/ethnic discrimination [21 & ,22,23,24] Prepregnancy history of depressive symptoms [6] Current or recent history of abuse and/or neglect, including IPV [15,21 older, partnered, employed, or food secure [16,19,20 & ]. Adolescents who report lower levels of income likely experience competing demands throughout pregnancy (e.g.…”

Section: Risk Factors Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, adolescents who report a history of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse and/or neglect during childhood are more likely to experience prenatal depressive symptoms than adolescents without a history of childhood maltreatment [18]. Similarly, adolescents who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) report higher levels of prenatal depressive symptoms than adolescents without a history of IPV [15,21 ▪ ]. In addition to exposure to childhood maltreatment and recent and ongoing contextual stress/abuse, higher levels of cumulative exposure to racial/ethnic discrimination are associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms within nonpregnant adolescents [22,23] and pregnant adults [21 ▪ ,24].…”

Section: Predisposing Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Depressive symptomatology in pregnant adolescents: considerations for care

Wittenberg

Fitzgerald

Pluhar

2023

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

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Purpose of review Adolescents who are pregnant experience higher levels of depressive symptoms than nonpregnant peers and pregnant adults. Clinicians caring for youth are often the first point of clinical contact for pregnant adolescents but report low confidence in assessing and treating reproductive health concerns. In the current review, we outline risk factors for depressive symptoms among pregnant adolescents and provide guidance on best practices in assessment and treatment of depressive symptoms in this pediatric sub-population. Recent findings Depressive symptoms are persistent across pregnancy. In adolescents, they are linked to greater risk of suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior, and nonsuicidal self-injury. Risk factors for prenatal depressive symptoms among adolescents include lower levels of income, history of depression, exposure to childhood maltreatment and/or recent abuse, and/or lifetime exposure to racial/ethnic discrimination. These risk factors likely interact with each other. Summary Clinicians should assess carefully for depressive symptoms in all pregnant adolescents using a standardized, validated measure supplemented by thoughtful clinical interviewing. Clinicians can educate adolescents on the distinction between symptoms of pregnancy versus symptoms of depression. We encourage clinicians to increase their comfort in providing psychopharmacological treatment, consulting with colleagues in psychiatry, and referring adolescents for psychopharmacological treatment and therapy as needed.

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Depression during pregnancy and associated factors among women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ayen,

Kasahun,

Zewdie

2024

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Pregnancy is one of the most remarkable experiences in a woman’s life. Prenatal depression, characterized by stress and worry associated with pregnancy, can reach severe levels. On a global scale, mental and addictive disorders affect more than one billion people, causing 19% of years lived with disability. It is estimated that 25–35% of pregnant women experience depressive symptoms, with 20% meeting the diagnostic criteria for major depression. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to examine depression during pregnancy in Ethiopia. The search was conducted from March 1–31, 2023. Data extraction used Microsoft Excel, and analysis was performed using STATA version 17. The New Castle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool was employed to evaluate the methodological quality of included studies. The Cochrane Q test and I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model estimated the pooled level of antenatal depression (APD). Publication bias was detected using a funnel plot and Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Results Out of 350 studies searched, 18 were included in the analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of depression in Ethiopia was 27.85% (95% CI: 23.75–31.96). Harari region reported the highest prevalence (37.44%), while Amhara region had the lowest (23.10%). Factors significantly associated with depression included unplanned pregnancies, low social support, low income, previous history of depression, intimate partner violence, and history of abortion. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that approximately one-quarter of pregnant women in Ethiopia experience depression during pregnancy. Unplanned pregnancy, low social support, low income, previous history of depression, history of abortion, and intimate partner violence are determinants of depression. To address this high prevalence, the Ethiopian government and stakeholders should develop policies that incorporate counseling during pregnancy follow-ups. Improving the quality of life for pregnant women is crucial for the well-being of families, communities, and the nation as a whole.

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Prevalence and risk factors associated with depression in pregnant adolescents in Nairobi, Kenya

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

Factors associated with antenatal depression among women attending antenatal care at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital: A cross-sectional study

Factors associated with antenatal depression among women attending antenatal care at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital: A cross-sectional study

Depressive symptomatology in pregnant adolescents: considerations for care

Depression during pregnancy and associated factors among women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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