Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria Related to Bovine Respiratory Disease—A Broad Cross-Sectional Study of Beef Cattle at Entry Into Canadian Feedlots

Abstract

A broad, cross-sectional study of beef cattle at entry into Canadian feedlots investigated the prevalence and epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis, bacterial members of the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. Upon feedlot arrival and before antimicrobials were administered at the feedlot, deep nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 2,824 feedlot cattle in southern and central Alberta, Canada. Data on the date of feedlot arrival, cattle type (beef, dairy), sex (heifer, bull, steer), weight (kg), age class (calf, yearling), source (ranch direct, auction barn, backgrounding operations), risk of developing BRD (high, low), and weather conditions at arrival (temperature, precipitation, and estimated wind speed) were obtained. Mannheimia haemolytica, P. multocida, and H. somni isolates with multidrug-resistant (MDR) profiles associated with the presence of integrative and conjugative elements were isolated more often from dairy-type than from beef-type cattle. Our results showed that beef-type cattle from backgrounding operations presented higher odds of AMR bacteria as compared to auction-derived calves. Oxytetracycline resistance was the most frequently observed resistance across all Pasteurellaceae species and cattle types. Mycoplasma bovis exhibited high macrolide minimum inhibitory concentrations in both cattle types. Whether these MDR isolates establish and persist within the feedlot environment, requires further evaluation.

The Prevalence, Coexistence, and Correlations between Seven Pathogens Detected by a PCR Method from South-Western Poland Dairy Cattle Suffering from Bovine Respiratory Disease

“…The strongest correlation is between H. somni and M. bovis bacteria. This correlation was also shown by Andrés-Lasheras et al [ 2 ]. The next one shown between bacteria also occurred with M. bovis , but it had the lowest strength of effect of a given association and it was the correlation with M. haemolytica .…”

“…What it means is that M. haemolytica was significantly less frequent with concurrent BRSV, but this relationship is at the limit of statistical significance, with a low strength of effect. A study of Canadian cattle by Andres-Lasheras et al showed a correlation in cattle between M. haemolytica and H. somni and between P. multocida and M. bovis [ 2 ]. In our study, correlations between these pathogens were not detected.…”

“…Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most significant causes of economic losses in dairy and beef cattle breeding worldwide. BRD is a polyetiological disease with viral and bacterial causes, to which environmental conditions and stress may contribute [ 1 , 2 ]. The disease is most prevalent in the fall and spring months [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

“…Pathogens noted in the course of BRD include: Pasteurella multocida ( P. multocida ), Mannheimia haemolytica ( M. haemolytica ), Mycoplasma bovis ( M. bovis ), Histophilus somni (H. somni), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine coronavirus (BcoV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV-1), bovine adenovirus (BadV), and influenza D virus (IDV). Stress or viral infections create a basis for opportunistic bacteria to multiply, which contributes to clinical symptoms [ 2 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Data_Sheet_1.PDF

“…High levels of resistance to macrolides in M. bovis were detected in our study, in agreement to previous reports (30,65). A western Canadian study reporting on resistance rates of M. bovis recovered from feedlot cattle also demonstrated elevated macrolide-resistance rates, with resistance to various macrolides detected in over 95% of isolates (55).…”