Prevalence and reproductive manifestations of macroprolactinemia

Kalsi, Amanpreet Kaur; Halder, Ashutosh; Jain, Manish; Chaturvedi, P. K.; Sharma, JB

doi:10.1007/s12020-018-1770-6

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Kalsi et al [87] in a study of 102 hyperprolactinaemic individuals, found that 68.8% of those with macroprolactinaemia had reproductive manifestations that could not be otherwise explained. This led the authors to propose that macroprolactin may have some degree of biological activity [87] but these findings require further validation. In daily practice, if macroprolactin is not assessed in local hospital laboratories, this can be evaluated in most reference laboratories upon request.…”

Section: Macroprolactinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it has been proposed that macroprolactin can dissociate into biologically active monomeric isoforms; nonetheless, studies assessing the biological activity of macroprolactin in vitro have yielded conflicting results [83,85,86]. Kalsi et al [87] in a study of 102 hyperprolactinaemic individuals, found that 68.8% of those with macroprolactinaemia had reproductive manifestations that could not be otherwise explained. This led the authors to propose that macroprolactin may have some degree of biological activity [87] but these findings require further validation.…”

Section: Macroprolactinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hyperprolactinaemia

Samperi

Lithgow

Karavitaki

2019

JCM

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Hyperprolactinaemia is one of the most common problems in clinical endocrinology. It relates with various aetiologies (physiological, pharmacological, pathological), the clarification of which requires careful history taking and clinical assessment. Analytical issues (presence of macroprolactin or of the hook effect) need to be taken into account when interpreting the prolactin values. Medications and sellar/parasellar masses (prolactin secreting or acting through "stalk effect") are the most common causes of pathological hyperprolactinaemia. Hypogonadism and galactorrhoea are well-recognized manifestations of prolactin excess, although its implications on bone health, metabolism and immune system are also expanding. Treatment mainly aims at restoration and maintenance of normal gonadal function/fertility, and prevention of osteoporosis; further specific management strategies depend on the underlying cause. In this review, we provide an update on the diagnostic and management approaches for the patient with hyperprolactinaemia and on the current data looking at the impact of high prolactin on metabolism, cardiovascular and immune systems.

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Section: Macroprolactinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Macroprolactinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperprolactinaemia

Samperi

Lithgow

Karavitaki

2019

JCM

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“…Obviously, studies conducted until the 2000s did not screen macroprolactinemia, which leads to an interpretation bias. Indeed, macroprolactinemia is a common cause of elevated prolactin and is present in approximately 4% to 40% of hyperprolactinemic patients depending on the referral population 52,53 . It is therefore possible that some idiopathic HPRL patient that have been described in older studies are elevated prolactin levels related to the presence of macroprolactin.…”

Section: Management Of the Hyperprolactinemia Through The Decadesmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCOS and Hyperprolactinemia: what do we know in 2019?

Delcour

Robin

Young

et al. 2019

Clin Med�Insights�Reprod�Health

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) are the two most common etiologies of anovulation in women. Since the 1950s, some authors think that there is a pathophysiological link between PCOS and HPRL. Since then, many authors have speculated about the link between these two endocrine entities, but no hypothesis proposed so far could ever be confirmed. Furthermore, PCOS and HPRL are frequent endocrine diseases and a fortuitous association cannot be excluded. The evolution of knowledge about PCOS and HPRL shows that studies conducted before the 2000s are obsolete given current knowledge. Indeed, most of the studies were conducted before consensual diagnosis criteria of PCOS and included small numbers of patients. In addition, the investigation of HPRL in these studies relied on obsolete methods and did not look for the presence of macroprolactinemia. It is therefore possible that HPRL that has been attributed to PCOS corresponded in fact to macroprolactinemia or to pituitary microadenomas of small sizes that could not be detected with the imaging methods of the time. Recent studies that have conducted a rigorous etiological investigation show that HPRL found in PCOS correspond either to non-permanent increase of prolactin levels, to macroprolactinemia or to other etiologies. None of this recent study found HPRL related to PCOS in these patients. Thus, the link between PCOS and HPRL seems to be more of a myth than a well-established medical reality and we believe that the discovery of an HPRL in a PCOS patient needs a standard etiological investigation of HPRL.

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“…Curiously, Krysiak and colleagues also investigated the extent of SD in patients with macroprolactinemia and found that, while all domains of the FSFI were affected by 'common' hyperprolactinemia, sexual desire was the only one negatively affected by macroprolactinemia (15). This is hardly adequate evidence to suspect a causative role for macroprolactinemia in SD; however, more recently, Kalsi and colleagues reported that macroprolactinemia was also frequently associated with reproductive dysfunctions, although sexual function was not investigated via the FSFI (18). Based on these premises, it should therefore be clear that sexual function should be investigated in all cases of hyperprolactinemia, not just in women of reproductive age.…”

Section: Hyperprolactinemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Female sexual dysfunction for the endocrinologist

Carosa

Sansone

Jannini

2020

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Sexual function is an important component of either general health and quality of life in both genders. Many studies have focused on the different risk factors for sexual dysfunctions, proving an association with several medical conditions. Endocrine disorders have been often mentioned in the pathogenesis of female and male sexual dysfunctions; however, particularly in women, sexual function is rarely addressed during clinical, in general, and endocrinological, in particular, consultations. As a thorough diagnosis is required in order to provide an adequately tailored treatment, knowing how each endocrine dysfunction can impair sexual health is of the utmost importance, considering the high prevalence of conditions such as disorders of pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, gonads, as well as metabolic disorders. We performed a thorough review of existing literature on the different mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of female sexual dysfunctions secondary to endocrine disorders in order to provide an up-to-date reference.

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Prevalence and reproductive manifestations of macroprolactinemia

Cited by 31 publications

References 40 publications

Hyperprolactinaemia

Hyperprolactinaemia

PCOS and Hyperprolactinemia: what do we know in 2019?

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Female sexual dysfunction for the endocrinologist

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