Prevalence and related risk factors of osteoporosis in peri- and postmenopausal Indian women

Aggarwal, Neelam; Raveendran, Ainharan; Khandelwal, Niranjan; Sen, Ramesh Kumar; Thakur, JS; Dhaliwal, Lakhbir Kaur; Singla, Veenu; Manoharan, Sakthivel Rajan Rajaram

doi:10.4103/0976-7800.92537

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The major predictor of greater hip fracture risk is low bone mineral density (BMD) in the femoral neck; yet, studies have not found strong associations between low SES and low femoral neck BMD [9,10,11,12,13]. Of the various indicators of adult SES, education level more than income, occupation, or wealth, has shown consistent associations with BMD [14,15,16,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood socioeconomic status and adult femoral neck bone strength: Findings from the Midlife in the United States Study

Karlamangla

Mori

Merkin

et al. 2013

Bone

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Purpose Bone acquisition in childhood impacts adult bone mass, and can be influenced by childhood socioeconomic conditions. Socioeconomic status is also associated with body weight which affects the load that bone is exposed to in a fall. We hypothesized that socioeconomic advantage in childhood is associated with greater bone strength relative to load in adulthood. Methods Hip dual x-ray absorptiometry scans from 722 participants in the Midlife in the United States Study were used to measure femoral neck size and bone mineral density, and combined with body weight and height to create composite indices of femoral neck strength relative to load in different failure modes: compression, bending, and impact. A childhood socioeconomic advantage score was created for the same participants from parental education, self-rated financial status relative to others, and not being on welfare. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the association of childhood socioeconomic advantage score with femoral neck composite strength indices, stratified by gender and race (white/non-white), and adjusted for study site, age, menopause status in women, education, and current financial advantage. Results Childhood socioeconomic advantage was independently associated with higher indices of all three composite strength indices in white men (adjusted standardized effect sizes, 0.19 to 0.27, all p values <0.01), but not in the other three race/gender groups. Additional adjustment for adult obesity, physical activity in different life stages, smoking, and heavy drinking over the life-course significantly attenuated the associations in white men. Conclusions Socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood is associated with lower hip strength relative to load in white men, and these influences are dampened by healthy lifestyle choices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood socioeconomic status and adult femoral neck bone strength: Findings from the Midlife in the United States Study

Karlamangla

Mori

Merkin

et al. 2013

Bone

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“…[910] A previous study[11] attempted to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis in Indian women and reported that 106 of the studied 200 patients had low BMD (osteopenia and osteoporosis). The overall prevalence of osteoporosis has been reported to be higher in the Asian populations than their western counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12] This may be due to the racial factors and also to the fact that most of the Asian countries are less developed ones with the problems of poor nutritional status, frequent childbirth, poor socioeconomic status, poor educational levels among others contributing to low BMD and hence osteoporosis. [11] While detailed clinical practice guidelines on postmenopausal guidelines have been published by the Indian menopause society,[13] prevention of complications of postmenopausal osteoporosis cannot be done without the participation of the target population and hence an assessment of awareness of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women appears to be the logical first step in this process. A literature search failed to provide us with any study assessing the awareness among Indian population, and hence, we attempted to study the same in population in and around Chandigarh, India using a representative sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Indian women: An evaluation of Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale

et al. 2016

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Context:The level of awareness about osteoporosis in postmenopausal women who are the common sufferers.Aims:This study aims to evaluate the level of awareness in postmenopausal women using the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS).Settings and Design:Osteoporosis has emerged as a common health problem in geriatric population. A proactive role needs to be played for preventing its consequences. Before initiating any preventive measures, an evaluation of awareness level of the target population is necessary. The questionnaire-based study design was used for this study.Subjects and Methods:A questionnaire (OHBS)-based study in 100 postmenopausal women in Chandigarh was conducted. The bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in each case by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of the participants were noted.Statistical Analysis Used:Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate any correlation between the various components of the OHBS and the BMD.Results:No statistically significant difference was noted in the seven component parameters of OHBS among the normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic women suggesting that the health belief regarding susceptibility is not much different between the three groups of the study population. A statistically significant difference between the mean BMI of normal and osteoporotic population was noted.Conclusions:The results show that there is a great deficit in the awareness level of postmenopausal Indian women regarding osteoporosis. Most of the women were unaware of the condition and the means to prevent it. The study emphasizes that health care professionals have lot of ground to cover to decrease the incidence of osteoporosis and its associated health problem.

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“…The high prevalence of osteoporosis or osteopenia in India, estimated at 50 million in 2013,[ 6 ] may be the result of low dietary intake of calcium, calories, protein, lack of exercise,[ 2 7 ] and vitamin D insufficiency (defined in the study as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels 10-20 ng/mL) and deficiency (levels <10 ng/mL). [ 8 ] In Jammu (N = 158), 20% of women aged 25 to 65 years had osteoporosis (T-score <-2.5) and 37% had osteopenia (T-score ≤-1 and ≥-2.5), both of which were found to increase in incidence with age and menopause.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rates of decreased BMD in Indian women range from 20% to 50% depending on the geographic region within India. [ 2 3 4 ] Because osteoporosis is a major health issue in India, this study ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01495000; study number: DPH 114161) was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of a single dose of denosumab 60 mg versus placebo in Indian postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of denosumab in Indian postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

Pitale

Thomas

Rathi

et al. 2015

Indian J Endocr Metab

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Introduction:Osteoporosis is a serious condition affecting up to 50% of Indian postmenopausal women. Denosumab reduces bone resorption by targeting the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of denosumab in Indian postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.Materials and Methods:In this double-blind, multicenter, phase 3 study, 250 Indian postmenopausal women aged 55 to 75 years (T-score <-2.5 and >-4.0 at the lumbar spine or total hip; serum 25(OH) D levels ≥20 ng/mL) were randomized to receive one subcutaneous dose of denosumab 60 mg or placebo. All subjects received oral calcium ≥1000 mg and vitamin D3 ≥ 400 IU daily. The primary end point was mean percent change in bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine from baseline to Month 6. Secondary end points included mean percent change from baseline in BMD at total hip, femoral neck, and trochanter at Month 6 and median percent change from baseline in bone turnover markers at Months 1, 3, and 6.Results:Total 225 subjects (denosumab = 111, placebo = 114) completed the six-month study. Baseline demographics were similar between groups. A 3.1% (95% confidence interval, 1.9%, 4.2%) increase favoring denosumab versus placebo was seen for the primary end point (P < 0.0001). Denosumab demonstrated a significant treatment benefit over placebo for the secondary end points. There were no fractures or withdrawals due to adverse events.Conclusions:Consistent with results from studies conducted in other parts of the world, denosumab was well tolerated and effective in increasing BMD and decreasing bone turnover markers over a six-month period in Indian postmenopausal women.

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Prevalence and related risk factors of osteoporosis in peri- and postmenopausal Indian women

Cited by 34 publications

References 14 publications

Childhood socioeconomic status and adult femoral neck bone strength: Findings from the Midlife in the United States Study

Childhood socioeconomic status and adult femoral neck bone strength: Findings from the Midlife in the United States Study

Awareness of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Indian women: An evaluation of Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale

A randomized placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of denosumab in Indian postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

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