Prevalence and Reasons for Introducing Infants Early to Solid Foods: Variations by Milk Feeding Type

Clayton, Heather B.; Li, Ruowei; Perrine, Cria G.; Scanlon, Kelley S.

doi:10.1542/peds.2012-2265

Cited by 125 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Offerings of snacks, desserts, and sweetened beverages did not change over time, with inappropriate exposure still seen in 5% of infants [26] . The reasons for caregivers offering non-milk foods in the first 6 months are varied, but one important factor may be confusion over conflicting messages about whether foods should initially be offered after 4 months, "around 6 months," or after 6 months of age [1,27,28] .…”

Section: Inappropriate Early Introduction Of Complementary Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Savoring Sweet: Sugars in Infant and Toddler Feeding

Murray

2017

Ann Nutr Metab

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During the first years of life, the sweetness of sugars has a capacity to hinder or to help in laying a strong nutritional foundation for food preferences that often extend over a lifetime. Aside from supplying 4 g/kcal of energy, sugars are non-nutritive. However, sugars have a powerful attribute, sweetness, which strongly influences human food preference. A child's first relationship with sweet taste begins even before birth and continues to evolve throughout complementary feeding. The sweetness of breastmilk encourages consumption and soothes the neonate. Conversely, inappropriate introduction of non-milk solids and beverages that are sweet at 0-4 months of age raises the newborn's risk for later obesity and may discourage the acceptance of other bitter or sour foods. Although cereals, fruits, 100% fruit juices, and some grains have naturally occurring sugars that impart sweet flavor notes, there is no clear role for added sugars between 6 and 12 months of age. Yet, 60% of infants are introduced to foods and beverages containing added sugars, threatening diet quality. Pairing foods with naturally occurring sugars, such as fruits, with foods that tend to be resisted initially, such as vegetables, can mask bitterness and promote acceptance. Utilizing the infants' extraordinary capacity for sensory-motor exploration is another strategy to expose them repeatedly to challenging tastes and flavors. The transitional year, as breast milk and infant formula are withdrawn, is a time when nutritional needs are high and diet quality often precarious. Rapid growth, along with brain and cognitive development, demand high-quality nutrition. Snacks are necessary both for energy and valuable nutrients. However, the selection of snack foods often exposes toddlers to items that offer concentrated energy with low nutrient value. Recent trends suggest a rapid fall in added sugars among infants and toddlers. Parenting practices that use small amounts of sugars to promote nutrient-rich foods from all 5 food groups can enhance rather than hinder their child's emerging dietary pattern.

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Section: Inappropriate Early Introduction Of Complementary Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Savoring Sweet: Sugars in Infant and Toddler Feeding

Murray

2017

Ann Nutr Metab

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“…Thereafter, complementary foods should be introduced while breastfeeding continues having a critical role in providing adequate nutrition through infancy [3]. Hence, in order to provide a primary knowledge basis for estimates of infant vitamin requirements and recommended levels of intakes, it is necessary to accurately measure the concentration of nutrients in human milk [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional, socioeconomic, and dietary factors influencing B-vitamins in human milk of urban Chinese lactating women at different lactation stages

et al. 2017

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Background: Adequate B-vitamins concentrations in human milk are considered to be a prerequisite for healthy development of infants in early life. This study aims to determine the concentrations of B-vitamins in human milk from Chinese women and the relationships between their concentrations and different geographical origin, lactation stages, socioeconomic characteristics, and dietary intake. Methods: Human milk was obtained from 443 healthy lactating women from Beijing (n = 150), Suzhou (n = 146), and Guangzhou (n = 147) cities. Thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B 3 (nicotinamide and nicotinic acid), and vitamin B 6 (pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine) in human milk were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pantothenic acid, biotin, and folates in human milk were analyzed by microbiological assay. The information from one 24-h dietary recall and socioeconomic characteristics were collected by interview and structured questionnaire, respectively. 34, 7.58, 8.60, 9.34, 10.20 (μg/100 g); biotin 0.462, 0.834, 0.606, 0.523, 0.464 (μg/100 g); folates 0.730, 2.390, 2.440, 2.420, 2.330 (μg/100 g). The levels of B-vitamins presented regional differences and varied significantly among different lactation stages. The inversely associations of thiamine, vitamin B 6 , and folates with maternal BMI were found in multivariate analyses (p < 0.05), as well as higher pantothenic acid, folates, and biotin concentrations in lactating women with supplement intake when compared with those without (p < 0.05). Riboflavin concentrations associated with regular exercise was found in multivariate analyses (p < 0.05).

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“…In both the UK and the US, many parents give night-waking as the reason they switched to formula (Douglas & Hill, 2013) and the idea that feeding the infant formula before bed will help the whole family to sleep better is widely accepted (Rosen, 2008). Mothers are advised by peers and family to introduce formula or solid foods to the infant diet in order to promote longer periods of nocturnal sleep (Clayton, Li, Perrine, & Scanlon, 2013;Crocetti, Dudas, & Krugman, 2004). This advice is at odds with WHO and National Health Service (NHS) recommendations to breastfeed exclusively to six months of 3 age (World Health Organization, 2001); although around one-third of women in the UK breastfeed to six months, only 1% do so exclusively (McAndrew et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Maternal Perceptions of Infant Sleep and Feeding Method Among Mothers in the United Kingdom: A Qualitative Focus Group Study

Rudzik

Ball

2015

Matern Child Health J

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. (2016) 'Exploring maternal perceptions of infant sleep and feeding method among mothers in the United Kingdom : a qualitative focus group study.', Maternal and child health journal., 20 (1). pp. 33-40. Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-015-1798-7Publisher's copyright statement:The nal publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-015-1798-7.Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. In a context with strong rhetorical support for breastfeeding in the health system, yet extremely low rates of breastfeeding after hospital discharge, UK women's decisions about infant feeding reflect the reality of competing priorities in their lives, including obtaining adequate sleep. Popular wisdom in the UK tightly links breastfeeding and inadequate night-time sleep. Mothers are advised by peers and family to introduce formula or solid foods to infants to promote longer sleep. The first objective of this study was to investigate women's understandings of the nature of infant sleep and their perceptions of links between infant feeding method and sleep. The second was to explore how these perceptions influence infant feeding and sleep practices in the first year. Underpinning our work is the understanding that infant care choices result from tradeoffs by which mothers strive to balance infant-and self-care. We conducted seven focus groups with mothers of infants in two regions of the UK. Verbatim transcripts were thematically coded and emergent themes were identified. We found clearly diverging narratives between breastfeeding and formula-feeding mothers. Breastfeeding mothers viewed the fragmentary nature of infant sleep as natural, while mothers who were formula feeding felt this was a problem to be fixed. The strategies and approaches used to promote infant and maternal sleep in each group were aligned with this underlying perception of how infant sleep works. Maternal perceptions of the nature of infant sleep and its relation to infant feeding method impact infant care practices in the first year of life. SignificanceParents of infants under a year of age desire to obtain adequate sleep for themselves and their infants. Infant feeding and sleep are tightly connected in popular perception, yet little research has directly explored women's experiences of infant feeding and sleep. This study reveals that a divergence of perceptions of infant sleep and feeding between feeding groups underlies the use of different strategies for night-time s...

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Prevalence and Reasons for Introducing Infants Early to Solid Foods: Variations by Milk Feeding Type

Abstract: Our findings highlight the high prevalence of early introduction of solids and provide details on why mothers introduced solid foods early.

Cited by 125 publications

References 25 publications

Savoring Sweet: Sugars in Infant and Toddler Feeding

Savoring Sweet: Sugars in Infant and Toddler Feeding

Regional, socioeconomic, and dietary factors influencing B-vitamins in human milk of urban Chinese lactating women at different lactation stages

Exploring Maternal Perceptions of Infant Sleep and Feeding Method Among Mothers in the United Kingdom: A Qualitative Focus Group Study

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