Prevalence and prognostic value of cardiac allograft vasculopathy 1 year after heart transplantation according to the ISHLT recommended nomenclature

Influence of cytomegalovirus infection in the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy after heart transplantation

“…The recently published standardized nomenclature for CAV by the ISHLT will be an important step forward to allow a better comparability between studies 3 and a useful tool for prognostic stratification after HTx. 4 Several factors have been linked with the development of CAV, including donor and recipient characteristics and post-HTx complications. 1 In particular, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been occasionally linked with CAV as a part of the so-called indirect effects in HTx recipients.…”

Clinical Implications of Intracoronary Imaging in Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy

“…22 The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation-recommended nomenclature classifies CAV into CAV 0 (not significant), CAV 1 (mild), CAV 2 (moderate), and CAV 3 (severe) based on the angiographic appearance of graft coronary arteries. 13 Although patients with CAV 2 and CAV 3 have been shown to be associated with poor prognosis compared with CAV 0 and CAV1, 23 angiography is not suitable to further risk stratify patients with CAV 0 and CAV 1 . Also, in patients with CAV 2 and CAV 3 angiography does not allow plaque characterization and determination of plaque vulnerability.…”

State of the art: Cardiac transplantation

“…It occurs in up to 18% of patients by 1 year post-transplant [38] and in over 50% of patients by 10 years post-transplant. Early development of CAV is a marker of aggressive disease with poor clinical outcomes [38].…”