Prevalence and presentation of ectopic pregnancy in a tertiary hospital in Enugu south-east Nigeria: A 10-year retrospective study

Abstract

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester. The prevalence rate varies with time and with the population under study. While the mortality rate appears to be on the decline, most cases in this part of the world still present in ruptured state necessitating invasive management through open laparotomy. Aim: The aim of this research is to assess the prevalence and the pattern of presentation of ectopic pregnancy at the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH) Parklane, Enugu Nigeria. Methodology: This is a 10-year retrospective study from 31st December 2022 to 1st January 2013. Data was collected from ward admission and discharge records, case notes and theatre operation registers of all ectopic pregnancy-related cases during the study period. Information related to patients’ age, pattern of presentation, nature of treatment given, and the outcome of such treatment were obtained in a prepared proforma. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24 and the results presented in frequency tables and charts. Results: A total of 16,100 deliveries and 4,704 gynaecological admissions were recorded during the study period. There were 172 ectopic pregnancies giving a prevalence of 1.1% of total deliveries and 3.7% of all gynaecological admissions. The peak age incidence was 26-30-years and 86% of the patients presented in ruptured state while open laparotomy with salpingectomy was the only mode of treatment for tubal ectopic pregnancies. No mortality was recorded during the study period. Conclusion: The Prevalence of ectopic pregnancy is still relatively high in our environment and ruptured ectopic pregnancy remains a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Even though our study did not record any maternal death in the past 10 years, serious maternal morbidities still persist. Strategies to sensitize women and ensure timely diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy will reduce these related morbidities.