Prevalence and predisposing factors for self-reported hypertension in Bhutanese adults

Wangdi, Kinley; Jamtsho, Tshering

doi:10.3126/nje.v10i1.25466

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Rural areas, where people are physically more active and have healthier diets, may exhibit different patterns. A comparable overall prevalence of 28.4% was reported in a systematic review from Nepal, 88 while Iran, Bhutan and Pakistan had lower rates of 25%, 89 17.4% 90 and 26.3%, 91 respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Prevalence of major non-communicable diseases and their associated risk factors in Afghanistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Noormal,

Winkler,

Bhusari

et al. 2024

Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

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Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and increasingly so in low- and middle-income countries. Afghanistan is dealing with a double burden of diseases, yet there has been no evidence synthesis on the prevalence of major NCDs and their risk factors. Objective: This study aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the existing data on the prevalence of major NCDs and the common related risk factors in Afghanistan. Method: We systematically reviewed scientific articles from 2000 to 2022 that reported the prevalence of diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) or cancer, and their risk factors in Afghanistan. Four online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Google Scholar) and two local journals in Afghanistan (not indexed online) were systematically searched and screened. Two reviewers independently screened and appraised the quality of the articles. Data extraction and synthesis were performed using tabulated sheets. Results: Among 51 eligible articles, 10 (19.6%) focused on cancer, 10 (19.6%) on diabetes, 4 (7.8%) on CVDs, 4 (7.8%) on CRDs and 23 (45.1%) on risk factors as the primary outcome. Few articles addressed major NCD prevalence; no evidence of CVDs, cancer was 0.15%, asthma ranged between 0.3% and 17.3%, and diabetes was 12%. Pooled prevalence of hypertension and overweight were 31% and 35%, respectively. Central obesity was twice as prevalent in females (76% versus 40%). Similarly, gender differences were observed in smoking and snuff use with prevalence rates of 14% and 25% among males and 2% and 3% among females, respectively. A total of 14% of the population engaged in vigorous activity. Pooled prevalence for physical inactivity, general obesity, fruit and vegetable consumption, dyslipidaemia and alcohol consumption couldn’t be calculated due to the heterogeneity of articles. Conclusion: Only little evidence is available on the prevalence of major NCDs in Afghanistan; however, the NCD risk factors are prevalent across the country. The quality of the available data, especially those of the local resources, is poor; therefore, further research should generate reliable evidence in order to inform policymakers on prioritizing interventions for controlling and managing NCDs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Prevalence of major non-communicable diseases and their associated risk factors in Afghanistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Noormal,

Winkler,

Bhusari

et al. 2024

Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

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“…Besides, it has been proven that 1 g/day was able to increase by 0,4 mmHg in systolic blood pressure (Fuchs & Whelton, 2020). The consumption of fatty foods with more saturated fat and energy-dense processed foods can increase the risk of hypertension (Wangdi & Jamtsho, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity, sleep quality, energy dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods intake, with blood pressure among obese teachers

Resti,

Margawati,

Nissa

et al. 2024

Aceh. Nutri. J.

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Profession teachers with obesity nutritional status encourage hypertension because they have light physical activity, poor sleep quality, and high energy-dense, nutrient-poor food (EDNP) intake caused by potential occupational risks. This study sought to examine the relationship between physical activity, sleep quality, EDNP intake, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This was a study with a consecutive sampling design among female teachers aged 35-54 years in Kudus in March 2022. The total number of respondents with direct offline interviews was 59. Rank Spearman or Pearson test for bivariate analysis, followed by the linear regression test for multivariate analysis. Bivariate tests showed that physical activity (p=0,039) and EDNP intake (p=0,001) showed a noteworthy correlated with systolic blood pressure. The relationship between sleep quality (p=0,039) and EDNP intake (p=0,028) was significant for diastolic blood pressure but not for systolic blood pressure. The results of the multivariate test indicated a substantial correlation between physical activity, sleep quality, and EDNP intake on systolic BP (p=0,001) and diastolic BP (p=0,006) blood pressure. In conclusion, physical activity, sleep quality, and EDNP intake were significantly associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

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“…Noncommunicable diseases including CVD are becoming an important public health problem in Bhutan because of epidemiological and nutritional transition in the last two decades. [12][13][14][15][16] This was driven by rising disposable income levels and a shift to diets lower in carbohydrates and higher in saturated fat, sugar and salt from traditional high-carbohydrate and low-fat diets. As a result, a significant increase in chronic diseases including CVD, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking has been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, a significant increase in chronic diseases including CVD, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking has been reported. In 2012, the prevalence of diabetes was 1.8%, 12 hypertension 17.4%, 16 alcohol use 30.9%, 14 betel quid use 45.0%, 15 and smoking 4%. 17 In 2019, the national prevalence of CVD was 37.9%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Laboratory and Non-Laboratory-Based 2019 World Health Organization Cardiovascular Risk Charts in the Bhutanese Population

Chhezom,

Gurung,

Wangdi

2023

Asia Pac J Public Health

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The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of color-coded cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk charts for CVD management. This study evaluated the agreement between the laboratory and non-laboratory 10-year CVD risks based on 2019 WHO CVD risk-prediction charts. The agreement of CVD risk scores among 40- to 69-year-old Bhutanese population stratified by gender and age groups (<60 and ≥60 years) was determined via weighted kappa statistics. In the general population, there was substantial agreement between the two CVD risk score charts for all ages and <60 years but a moderate agreement for participants aged ≥60 years. In males, substantial agreement was observed in all ages and in <60 years and moderate agreement in ≥60 years. In females, both the predictions showed substantial agreement in all ages and <60, but a moderate agreement for ≥60 years. The non-laboratory-based risk charts can be used interchangeably with laboratory-based charts for predicting 10-year CVD risk in resource-constrained countries like Bhutan.

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Prevalence and predisposing factors for self-reported hypertension in Bhutanese adults

Cited by 4 publications

References 44 publications

Prevalence of major non-communicable diseases and their associated risk factors in Afghanistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of major non-communicable diseases and their associated risk factors in Afghanistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Physical activity, sleep quality, energy dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods intake, with blood pressure among obese teachers

Comparison of Laboratory and Non-Laboratory-Based 2019 World Health Organization Cardiovascular Risk Charts in the Bhutanese Population

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