“…20 Previous surveys of affordable and market-rate multiunit housing operators have identified three main barriers to smoke-free policy implementation: concerns about enforcement, including staff time devoted to addressing violations and complaints [17][18][19][20][21][22] ; concerns about legal and liability issues, including legal costs and the legality of smoke-free policies 8,17,18,21,22 ; and concerns about costs, including increased vacancy and turnover rates. 8,[17][18][19][20][21][22] While previous communication interventions have sought to address these perceived barriers, [22][23][24] few studies have examined whether operators' concerns have merit. Surveys in Nebraska, 17 Virginia, 19 Minnesota, 21 and South Dakota 20 found that operators had generally neutral or positive experiences with vacancy and turnover rates, enforcement, and complaints after smoke-free policies were implemented.…”