Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter

Liu, Nianqi; Zhang, Fan; Wei, Cun; Jia, Yanpu; Shang, Zhilei; Sun, Luna; Wu, Lili; Sun, Zhuoer; Zhou, Yaoguang; Wang, Yan; Liu, Weizhi

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112921

Cited by 1,280 publications

(1,457 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, a recent survey conducted in China one month after the COVID-19 outbreak reported higher post-traumatic stress symptoms in women (Liu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population

Moccia

Janiri

Pepe

et al. 2020

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

514

505

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The outbreak of COVID-19 is severely affecting mental health worldwide, although individual response may vary. This study aims to investigate the psychological distress perceived by the Italian general population during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to analyze affective temperament and adult attachment styles as potential mediators. Through an online survey, we collected sociodemographic and lockdown-related information and evaluated distress, temperament, and attachment using the Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire short version (TEMPS-A) andthe Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ).In our sample (n=500), 62% of the individuals reported no likelihood of psychological distress, whereas 19.4% and 18.6% displayed mild and moderate-to-severe likelihood. Cyclothymic (OR:1.24; p<0.001), depressive (OR: 1.52; p<0.001) and anxious (OR: 1.58; p=0.002) temperaments, and the ASQ "Need for approval" (OR: 1.08; p=0.01) were risk factors for moderate-to-severe psychological distress compared to no distress, while the ASQ "Confidence" (OR: 0.89; p=0.002) and "Discomfort with closeness" were protective (OR: 0.92; p=0.001). Cyclothymic (OR: 1.17; p=0.008) and depressive (OR: 1.32; p=0.003) temperaments resulted as risk factors in subjects with moderate-to-severe psychological distress compared to mild distress, while the ASQ "Confidence" (OR: 0.92; p=0.039) and "Discomfort with closeness" (OR: 0.94; p=0.023) were protective.Our data indicated that a relevant rate of individuals may have experienced psychological distress following the COVID-19 outbreak. Specific affective temperament and attachment features predict the extent of mental health burden. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first data available on the psychological impact of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on a sizeable sample of the Italian population. Moreover, our study is the first to investigate temperament and attachment characteristics in the psychological response to the ongoing pandemic. Our results provide further insight into developing targeted intervention strategies.

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“…Similarly, a recent survey conducted in China one month after the COVID-19 outbreak reported higher post-traumatic stress symptoms in women (Liu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population

Moccia

Janiri

Pepe

et al. 2020

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

514

505

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A Chinese study showed that the prevalence of significant symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at one month after the start of the COVID-19 epidemic in the most affected areas was 7% (55). Predictors of PTSD were female gender (in this study, women suffered more from intrusive memories, negative cognitive or mood alterations and hyper-vigilance) and poor sleep quality, the latter factor being, according to the authors, related to both the onset and maintenance of PTSD.…”

Section: Ensuring Continuity Of Care For Private Practice Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ensuring mental health care during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France: A narrative review

et al. 2020

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Objective: The lack of resources and coordination to face the coronavirus epidemic raises concerns for the health of patients with mental disorders in a country where we still have memories of the dramatic experience of famine in psychiatric hospitals during the Second World War. This article aims to propose guidance to ensure mental health care during the SARS-CoV epidemic in France. Methods: The authors performed a narrative review identifying relevant results in the scientific and medical literature and in local initiatives in France. Results : We identified four types of major vulnerabilities among patients with mental disorders during this pandemic: 1) medical comorbidities that are more frequently found among patients with mental disorders (cardiovascular and pulmonary pathologies, diabetes, obesity, etc.) which are risk factors for severe covid-19 infection; 2) age (the elderly form the population most vulnerable to the coronavirus); 3) cognitive and behavioural disorders, which can hamper compliance with confinement and hygiene measures and finally and 4) psychosocial vulnerability as a result of stigmatization and/or socio-economic difficulties. Furthermore, the mental health healthcare system is more vulnerable than other healthcare systems. Current government plans are poorly suited to psychiatric establishments in a context of major shortages of organizational, material and human resources. In addition, a certain number of structural aspects make the psychiatric institution particularly vulnerable: many beds have been closed, wards have high densities of patients, mental health community facilities are closed, and medical teams are understaffed and poorly trained to face infectious diseases. There are also major issues when referring patients with acute mental disorders to intensive care units. To maintain the continuity of psychiatric care in this pandemic situation, several directions can be considered, in particular with the creation of "COVID+ units". These units are under the dual supervision of a psychiatrist and an internist / infectious disease specialist; all new entrants are placed in quarantine for 14 days; the nursing staff receives specific training, daily medical checkups and close psychological support. Family visits are prohibited and replaced by videoconference. At the end of hospitalization, in particular for the population of patients in compulsory ambulatory care situations, specific case-management are organized with the possibility of home visits, in order to support patients when they get back home and to help them cope with the experience of confinement, which is liable to induce recurrences of mental disorders. The total or partial closure of community mental health facilities is particularly disturbing for patients, but a regular follow-up is possible with telemedicine and should include the monitoring of suicide risk and psycho-education strategies;developing support platforms could also be very helpful in this context. Private practice psychiatrists also have a crucial role...

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“…16 This has been re-substantiated in the setting of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China, where women scored significantly higher on the PCL-5 (DSM-5 self-report measure for PTSD) than men, including higher rates of re-experiencing and negative alterations in cognition or mood. 17 Early recognition and effective treatment can ameliorate the burden of PTSD on both the individual and society, particularly for women who have been shown to have a modest advantage with regard to treatment response. 18…”

Section: Implications For Covid-19 Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex- and Gender-specific Observations and Implications for COVID-19

Walter

McGregor

2020

WestJEM

116

100

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Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter

Cited by 1,280 publications

References 20 publications

Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population

Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population

Ensuring mental health care during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France: A narrative review

Sex- and Gender-specific Observations and Implications for COVID-19

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