Prevalence and predictors of precancerous cervical lesions among HIV‐positive women in Jos, north‐central Nigeria

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence and predictors of precancerous cervical lesions among HIV-positive women in Jos, Nigeria.

Cervical Epithelial Abnormalities and Associated Factors among HIV-Infected Women in Lagos, Nigeria: A Cytology-Based Study

“…There are varying results reported in previous studies that examined the association between age and cervical cytological abnormalities among WLHIV. In similarity to our study, findings from the study by Daniel et al [16] in Jos, Nigeria, and Kafuruki et al [30] in Mwanza-Tanzania, reported no association between age and cervical cytological abnormalities, while others conducted by Ononogbu et al [31] in Abuja, Nigeria, Kassa et al [32] in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia, found that age was a significant predictor for cervical epithelial changes. The variations reported across these various studies including the current study concerning the association between age and cervical epithelial abnormalities could therefore be attributed to the residual effects of other confounding factors which may or may not be adequately controlled for during statistical analyses.…”

“…Among behavioural factors weakening the immune system, smoking appeared to strongly increase the risk of cervical precancer and cancer [35][36][37]; however, there is an interplay of multiple factors concerning smoking and cervical carcinogenesis, especially by direct local carcinogenic effect and local immunosuppression [32]. It is therefore almost always difficult to isolate the epidemiologic contribution of smoking to cervical carcinogenesis as confirmed in our current study and other recent studies that found no independent correlation between smoking and cervical precancer and/or cancer [16,32]. Nonetheless, smoking should always be considered in clinical practice and research concerning cervical precancer and cancer.…”

“…This cross-sectional study conducted among HIV-infected women in Lagos, Nigeria, determined the prevalence, patterns, and associated factors of cervical epithelial abnormalities using a cytology-based screening method. The prevalence of cervical epithelial abnormalities was 6.7%, and this was relatively lower than the reported 8.7% by Liu et al [10] in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 12.2% by Daniel et al [16] in Jos, Nigeria, 17.8% by Getinet et al in East Gojjam, Northwest Ethiopia [19], and 29.4% by Branca et al [20] in Rome, Italy, that utilized the same screening method among similar populations of WLHIV. The relatively lower prevalence of cervical epithelial abnormalities in our study may reflect the population of women enrolled as the study site is an HIV treatment centre where almost all clinic attendees are already on ART.…”

“…This is probably because women who experience sexual debut very early in life may be at greater risk of exposure to high-risk HPV infection [32]. This finding was, however, at variance with the studies conducted in various parts of Africa by Daniel et al [16] in Jos, Nigeria, Ononogbu et al [31] in Abuja, Nigeria, Liu et al [10] in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Kassa et al [32] in Amhara, Ethiopia.…”

Prevalence of Cervical Cancer in Enugu State: A Critical Review of 5-year Hospital Data in Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria

“…The present study was focused on the women who came for cervical cancer screening at various screening sites in the state, while the study subjects Dim were controlled for an HIV study at a facility. The same study by Dim found a prevalence of 12.6% among HIV-positive women at the health facility which is similar to the 12.2% [29] prevalence reported by Daniel et al in 2020 in Jos Nigeria among HIV-positive women.…”