Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression by HIV status and timing of HIV diagnosis in Gauteng, South Africa

Mokhele, Idah; Nattey, Cornelius; Jinga, Nelly; Mongwenyana, Constance; Fox, Matthew P.; Onoya, Dorina

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0214849

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A further six studies included populations aged ≥18 years [72][73][74][75][76][77]. As such, some older adolescents (18-19 years) may have been included within the sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Understanding Mental Health in the Context of Adolescent Pregnancy and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review Identifying a Critical Evidence Gap

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Adolescent (10–19 years) mental health remains an overlooked global health issue. Rates of adolescent pregnancy within sub-Saharan Africa are some of the highest in the world and occur at the epicentre of the global HIV epidemic. Both experiencing adolescent pregnancy and living with HIV have been found to be associated with adverse mental health outcomes, when investigated separately. Poor mental health may have implications for both parent and child. The literature regarding mental health within groups experiencing both HIV and adolescent pregnancy is yet to be summarised. This systematic review sought to identify (1) the prevalence/occurrence of common mental disorder amongst adolescents who are living with HIV and have experienced pregnancy, (inclusive of adolescent fathers) in sub-Saharan Africa (2) risk and protective factors for common mental disorder among this group, and (3) interventions (prevention/treatment) for common mental disorder among this group. A systematic search of electronic databases using pre-defined search terms, supplemented by hand-searching, was undertaken in September 2020. One author and an independent researcher completed a title and abstract screening of results from the search. A full-text search of all seemingly relevant manuscripts (both quantitative and qualitative) was undertaken and data extracted using pre-determined criteria. A narrative synthesis of included studies is provided. Quality and risk of bias within included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A systematic keyword search of databases and follow-up hand searching identified 2287 unique records. Of these, thirty-eight full-text quantitative records and seven full-text qualitative records were assessed for eligibility. No qualitative records met the eligibility criteria for inclusion within the review. One quantitative record was identified for inclusion. This study reported on depressive symptomology amongst 14 pregnant adolescents living with HIV in Kenya, identifying a prevalence of 92.9%. This included study did not meet the high methodological quality of this review. No studies were identified reporting on risk and protective factors for common mental disorder, and no studies were found identifying any specific interventions for common mental disorder for this group, either for prevention or for treatment. The limited data identified within this review provides no good quality evidence relating to the prevalence of common mental disorder among adolescents living with HIV who have experienced pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. No data was available relating to risk and protective factors or interventions for psychological distress amongst this group. This systematic review identifies a need for rigorous evidence regarding the mental health of pregnant and parenting adolescents living with HIV, and calls for granular interrogation of existing data to further our understanding of the needs of this group. The absence of research on this topic (both quantitative and qualitative) is a critical evidence gap, limiting evidence-based policy and programming responses, as well as regional development opportunities.

show abstract

“…A further six studies included populations aged ≥18 years [72][73][74][75][76][77]. As such, some older adolescents (18-19 years) may have been included within the sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies report mixed results. One study identified HIV as being associated with depressive symptoms [60] and, one reported depressive symptoms to be more prevalent amongst those participants who were known to be HIV-negative in the sample when compared to those who were living with HIV [75].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Mental Health in the Context of Adolescent Pregnancy and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review Identifying a Critical Evidence Gap

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The study setting may have an effect on the correlation between HIV status and PPD. Research from high income countries predominantly report no association between HIV and PPD prevalence [ 46 – 48 ]. This lack of association could be explained by the type of care provided to postpartum mothers following childbirth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of postpartum depression and associated factors among women in Mbarara and Rwampara districts of south-western Uganda

Atuhaire

Rukundo

Nambozi

et al. 2021

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and has severe consequences on the well-being of mothers, new-borns, families, and communities. PPD reduces the mother’s response to the child’s needs. In severe cases, mothers suffering from PPD are prone to postpartum psychosis, commit suicide and, in rare cases, infanticide. We aimed to determine the prevalence and understand the factors associated with PPD among mothers in southwestern Uganda. Methods This was a cross-sectional study between November 2019 and June 2020 among 292 mothers, 6 to 8 weeks’ postpartum. Mothers were selected from three health facilities in southwestern Uganda and enrolled using stratified consecutive sampling. Postpartum depression was clinically diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V. The factors associated with PPD were assessed by using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire. The factors were analyzed using bivariate chi square analyses and multivariate logistic regression. Results Overall prevalence of PPD was 27.1% (95% CI: 22.2–32.5). This did not vary by the number of previous births or mode of birth. Five factors associated with PPD were low perceived social support, HIV positive status, rural residence, obstetrical complications and the baby crying excessively. Conclusion and recommendations Prevalence of PPD in Mbarara and Rwampara districts is higher than what has previously been reported in Uganda indicating an urgent need to identify pregnant women who are at increased risk of PPD to mitigate their risk or implement therapies to manage the condition. Midwives who attend to these mothers need to be empowered with available methods of mitigating prevalence and consequences of PPD. Women who are HIV positive, residing in rural settings, whose babies cry excessively, having low social support systems and who have birth complications may be a particularly important focus for Ugandan intervention strategies to prevent and reduce the prevalence of PPD.

show abstract

“…Mothers who reported having had fewer than four antenatal care visits had lower odds of screening positive for PPD in our sample. Based on literature, 38,39 we had expected that women who had more antenatal care (ANC) visits (a sign of good health-seeking behaviour) would have lower odds of being depressed due to the benefits of counselling and educational sessions about transitioning to parenthood offered during ANC, which prepares mothers for postpartum adjustment. The cross-sectional nature of the study limits us to determining temporality and thus impedes our efforts accurately to interpret this finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression at a primary healthcare facility in Eswatini

Dlamini

Mahanya

Dlamini³

et al. 2019

South African Journal of Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundRoutine mental health screening has not been integrated into maternal and child health (MCH) services in many developing countries, including in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland). As a result, the burden of postpartum depression (PPD) is not well understood and thus PPD remains untreated in such settings.AimTo describe the prevalence and factors associated with PPD among women seeking postnatal and child welfare services at a primary healthcare facility in Eswatini.SettingThe study was conducted at the King Sobhuza II Public Health Unit in Manzini, Eswatini.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study that used convenience sampling and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to screen for depression among 114 mothers during the first 6 weeks of postpartum at the King Sobhuza II Public Health Unit, Manzini, Eswatini. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with PPD.ResultsA majority of the participants were older than 24 years (52.6%) and unemployed (64.9%), whereas 47.4% screened positive for PPD (≥ 13 score). Adjusting for other covariates, those who were unemployed (odds ratio [OR] = 3.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–8.79) and with poor social support from their partners (OR = 9.41, 95% CI: 3.52–25.14) were more likely to be depressed, while those who attended antenatal classes fewer than four times were less likely to be depressed (OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.11–0.92).ConclusionWe found a high prevalence of PPD. There is a need to introduce routine maternal mental health screening during the postpartum period to ensure early detection and treatment of PPD.

show abstract

Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression by HIV status and timing of HIV diagnosis in Gauteng, South Africa

Cited by 18 publications

References 47 publications

Understanding Mental Health in the Context of Adolescent Pregnancy and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review Identifying a Critical Evidence Gap

Understanding Mental Health in the Context of Adolescent Pregnancy and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review Identifying a Critical Evidence Gap

Prevalence of postpartum depression and associated factors among women in Mbarara and Rwampara districts of south-western Uganda

Prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression at a primary healthcare facility in Eswatini

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About